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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NUCLEUS |
CONTAINS MOST GENES IN EUKARYOTIC CELL MOST CONSPICIOUS ORGANELLE |
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NUCLEAR ENVELOPE |
ENCLOSES THE NUCLEUS, seperating nucleus from cytoplasm -Double membrane (each a lipid bilayer) -inner and outer membranes are continuous |
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nuclear lamina |
lines side of nuclear envelope netlike array of protein fillaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by supporting the nuclear envelope |
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Chromosomes |
made up of chromatin (complex of proteins and dna) |
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NUCLEOLUS |
-appears through EM as a mass of densely stainded granules and fibers adjoining part of the chromatin -Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized from instructions from the DNA -proteins imported from the cytoplasm are assembled with rRNA into large and small ribosomal subunits -exit nucleus through nuclear pores to cytoplasm, assembled into a ribosome |
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protein synthesis |
-nucleus directs by synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) according to instructions by dna) -mRNA is transported to cytoplasm via nuclear pores. -Ribosomes transfer message to specific polypeptide |
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RIBOSOMES (THE PROTEIN FACTORIES) WHAT ARE THEY MADE OF? |
-Complexes MADE OFrRNA AND PROTEINS (ribosomal rna &proteins) -CELLS THAT HAVE HIGH NUMBERS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS HAVE HIGH NUMBERS OF RIBOSOMES (ex. a human pancreas cell, has a few million ribiosomes) 2 TYPES: -FREE RIBOSOMES: suspended in cytosol -BOUND RIBOSOMES: attached to outside of endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope |
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ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM |
- REGULATES PROTEIN TRAFFIC -PERFORMS METABOLIC FUNCTIONS IN THE CELL organells: nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the plasma membrane |
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vesicles |
sacs made of membrane, |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
-accounts for more than half total membranes in a eukaryotic cell -consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cristinae -seperates lumen (internal compartment of ER) with cytosol, membrane in envelope is continuous w lumen |
