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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic Chemistry
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the stuffy of carbon compounds
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Hydrocarbons
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organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
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Functional Groups
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the compounds of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions
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How does carbon account for the great diversity seen in organisms?
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Even though the same basic elements are fairly uniform in organisms almost anything can be built with carbon
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What contribution did Jons Jakob Berzelius make to science?
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Berzelius found that there were organic and inorganic compounds
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What is vitalism?
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the belief in a life fore outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws
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What discovery did Friedrich Wohler make and how did this challenge the belief in vitalism?
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organic materials could be made synthetically. Kolbe showed that they could be made with inorganic substances. Real life was not necessary to create organic material.
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What experiment did Stanley miller perform dealing with the origin of life?
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a synthesis of how organisms might have been early on the earth.
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What is a mechanism?
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the belief that all natural phenomena, including the processes of life, are governed by physical and chemical laws
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How many covalent bonds does carbon make and why is this so?
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four because it can gain or give to form four bonds. Tetravalence.
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Why is carbon dioxide such an important molecule
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it forms the skeletons of most organic molecules which allows diversity, complexity and bonds with other atoms
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Why is petroleum called a fossil fuel?
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it contains the partially decomposed remains of organisms that lived millions of year ago
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Why don’t oil and fat mix with water?
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they are hydrophobic because the bonds between hydrogen and carbon and nonpolar
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What is a structural isomer?
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an isomer that differs in the placement of covalent bonds (usually single but can be double)
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What is a geometric isomer?
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different spatial arrangements because the double bonds prohibit free rotation like the singles
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What is an enantiomer?
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isomers that are mirror images of each other
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Give an example of a geometric isomer
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the biochemistry of vision involves a light-induced change of rhodopsin from one geometric isomer to another
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What is an asymmetric carbon?
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a carbon attached to four atoms or groups. They can be arranged to mirror each other in two ways. Central carbon.
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What is the significance of an enantiomer in the pharmaceutical industry?
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2 enantiomers might not do the same thing. While some of thalidomide fought morning sickness the other caused birth defects.
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What is the difference between estradiol and testosterone?
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they have different functional groups attached to the rings of their carbon skeletons
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What is the difference between an aldehyde and ketone?
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aldehydes are on the end of the skeletons and ketones aren’t
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What does a carboxyl group have acidic properties?
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hydrogen becomes disassociated so that there are hydrogen ions.
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Why could life be based on silicon?
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silicon has a valance of four like carbon does.
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Isomers
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compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and hence two different properties
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