Ap 770 Pharm Exam 2 Intro Autonomic Nervous System Kenney

Front 1

Autonomic nervous system coordinates bodily functions to: (2)

Back 1

Autonomic nervous system coordinates bodily functions to: (2) ensure
1) normal homeostasis
2) adaptive responses to stress

Front 2

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
In posprandial state, vegetative functions dominated by PNS
HR:
BP:
GI:
Blood Volume Where?:
Conditions promoted by:

Back 2

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)
In posprandial state, vegetative functions dominated by PNS
HR: slow and regular
BP: normal
GI: motor and secretory activities high, extracting nutrients
Blood Volume Where?: major portion occupies dilated visceral vascular bed
Conditions promoted by: PNS action and quiescence of SNS

Front 3

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Life-threatening emergency
PHysiological priorties shift to:
GI:
Heart:
Vascular:
Liver:

Back 3

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
Life-threatening emergency
PHysiological priorties shift to:
GI: decreased digestion, motility and secretion
Heart: increased HR and cardiac contractility
Vascular: vasoconstriction
Liver: gepatic glycogenolysis

Front 4

Anatomical location of SNS

Back 4

Thoracolumbar

Front 5

Anatomical location of PNS

Back 5

Craniosacral

Front 6

3 components of nervous system:

Back 6

3 components of nervous system:
SNS, PNS
enteric (gut)

Front 7

Receptor defn:

Back 7

Receptor defn:
component of a cell or organism that interacts with a drug (neurotransmittter) and initiates a chain of biochemical events (pharmacological effects).

Front 8

Principal adrenoceptor types:

Back 8

Principal adrenoceptor types:
Alpha and Beta

Front 9

PNS primarily subserved by ______ receptors

Back 9

PNS primarily subserved by muscarinic receptors

Front 10

Ganglionic transmission is mediated by _________ receptors.

Back 10

Ganglionic transmission is mediated by nicotinic receptors.

Front 11

Cholinergic Fibers:

Back 11

Cholinergic Fibers: Nerve fibers that synthesize and release acetylcholine (Ach) (Preganglionic and postganglionic)

Front 12

Adrenergic Fibers:

Back 12

Adrenergic Fibers: Nerve fibers that synthesize and release norepinephrine. (Postganglionic only)

Front 13

NANC:

Back 13

NANC: nonadrenergic, noncholinergic e.g. NO

Front 14

Parasympathetic ouflow has what types of fibers?

Back 14

Parasympathetic ouflow has what types of fibers?
Only Cholinergic

Front 15

Sympathetic outflow has what type of fibers?

Back 15

Sympathetic outflow has what type of fibers?
Cholinergic and Adrenergic

Front 16

Intermural ganglia are located:

Back 16

Intermural ganglia are located:
within target organ

Front 17

Noradrenergic Junction Regulation points (sympathetic, postganglionic)(6):

Back 17

Noradrenergic Junction Regulation points (6):
1) Synthesis: - by Trysine Hydroxylase
2) Storage: - by Resperine
3) Release: - by guanethidine
4) Bind receptor: (alpha and beta)
5) Diffuse: - by MAO
6) Uptake
-autoregulation by NE
-heteroregulation

Front 18

Biosynthetic Pathway of Catecholamines:

Back 18

Biosynthetic Pathway of Catecholamines:
Tyrosine -->
Dopa -->
Dopamine --> dopamine beta-hydroxylase
Norepinephrine --> PNMT
Epinephrine

Front 19

3 Primary endogenous catecholamines

Back 19

3 Primary endogenous catecholamines:
1) Dopamine
2) Norepinephrine
3) Epinephrine

Front 20

Cholinergic Junction regulation points (parasympathetic, postganglionc) (6)

Back 20

Cholinergic Junction regulation points (parasympathetic, postganglionc) (6)
1) Synthesize: - Hemicholiniums
2) Storage: - vesamicol
3) Release: (under voltage dependent process) - Botulinum toxin
4) Bind receptor: (muscarninic or nicotinic)
5) Effect: metabolized to Acetylcholinesteristase, which inhibits Ach --> dec Ach []
6) Uptake
-autoregulation by Ach
-heteroregulation

Front 21

Key NANC neurotransmitter:

Back 21

Key NANC neurotransmitter:
NO

Front 22

Biosynthetic Pathway for NO:

Back 22

Biosynthetic Pathway for NO:
NO Synthhase catalyzes in Endothelium:
O2 + L-Arginine --> L-Citrulline + NO
Outiside endothelial cell regulation:
1) Agonist binds receptor on surface to activate
2) L-NAME, L-NAMA diffuse through to inhibit
Inside endothelial cell regulation:
1) Ca2+/CaM activates
NO moves to effector cell to activate Guanylyl Cyclace to convert GTP to cGMP inhibiting PLC -->
1) VSM --> relaxation
2) Platelets --> Anti-aggregation

Front 23

Agonist drugs:

Back 23

Agonist drugs: bind to and activate the receptor in some fashion.

Front 24

Antagonist drugs:

Back 24

Antagonist drugs: by binding to a receptor, prevent binding by other molecules.

Front 25

Alpha 1 receptors
Fiber type:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Responses:
Subtypes:

Back 25

Alpha 1 receptors
Fiber type: adrenergic
Agonists: Epi=NE>>Isoproterenol
Antagonists: Prazosin
Tissue: Vascular smooth muscle, genitourinary smooth muscle, Liver
Responses: Contraction of smooth muscle, glycogenolyss, gluconeogenesis
Subtypes: A,B,D

Front 26

Alpha 2 receptors
Fiber type:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Responses:
Subtypes:

Back 26

Alpha 2 receptors
Fiber type: adrenergic
Agonists: Epi=NE>>Isoproterenol
Antagonists: Yohimbine
Tissue: Presynaptic nerve terminals, vascular smooth muscle, Pancreatic islets
Responses: Decreased release of NE, contraction of smooth muscle, decreased insulin release
Subtypes: A, B, C

Front 27

Beta 1 receptors
Fiber type:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Responses:
Subtypes:

Back 27

Beta 1 receptors
Fiber type: adrenergic
Agonists: Isoproternol>Epi=NE
Antagonists: Metropolol
Tissue: Heart, Juxtaglomerular cells
Responses: Increased force and rate of contraction and AV nodal conduction velocity. Kidney: increased renin secretion
Subtypes:

Front 28

Beta 2 receptors
Fiber type:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Responses:
Subtypes:

Back 28

Beta 2 receptors
Fiber type: adrenergic
Agonists: Iso>Epi>>NE
Antagonists: ICI 118551
Tissue: Smooth muscle (vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, genitourinary), Liver
Responses: Relaxation (smooth muscle), glycogeneolysis (Liver)
Subtypes:

Front 29

Beta 3 receptors
Fiber:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Response:
Note:

Back 29

Beta 3 receptors
Fiber: adrenergic
Agonists: ISO=NE>Epi
Antagonists: ICI 118551
Tissue: Adipose tissue
Response: Lipolysis
Note: Currently no specific B3 receptor. This is significant because increase in obesity and diabetes

Front 30

Nicotinic Muscle Receptor
Fiber:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Response:

Back 30

Nicotinic Muscle Receptor
Fiber: Cholinergic
Agonists: Ach
Antagonists: Tubocurarine
Tissue: Neuromuscular Junction
Response: Endplate depolarization, skeletal muscle contraction

Front 31

Nicotinic Neural Receptor
Fiber:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Response:

Back 31

Nicotinic Neural Receptor
Fiber: Cholinergic
Agonists: Ach
Antagonists: Trimethaphan
Tissue: Autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, CNS
Response: Depolarization (ganglia), firing of postganglionic neurons, secretion of catecholamines (adrenal)

Front 32

Muscarinic M1 Receptors
Fiber:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Response:

Back 32

Muscarinic M1 Receptors
Fiber: cholinergic
Agonists: Ach
Antagonists: Atropine
Tissue: Autonomic ganglia, CNS
Response: Depolarization (ganglia), undefined (CNS)

Front 33

Muscarinic M2 Receptors
Fiber:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Response:

Back 33

Muscarinic M2 Receptors
Fiber: Cholinergic
Agonists: Ach
Antagonists: Atropine
Tissue: Hear (SA node, Atrium, AV node, Ventricle)
Response: Hyperpolarization (SA node), decrease conduction velocity, decrease contractile force.

Front 34

Muscarinic M3 Receptors
Fiber:
Agonists:
Antagonists:
Tissue:
Response:

Back 34

Muscarinic M3 Receptors
Fiber: Cholinergic
Agonists: Ach
Antagonists: Atropine
Tissue: Smooth muscle, secretory glands
Response: blood vessels relax, increased secretion