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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe each curve and what they represent.
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Zero order example of carrier mediated transport.
First order example of diffusion. |
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Pharmocokinetics defn:
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Use of mathematical models to quantitate the time course of drug disposition.
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Pharmacokinetics is essentially
overall description: 4 examples |
What the animal does to the drug
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination ADME |
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Pharmacodynamics definition:
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The biological effect a drug elicits.
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Pharmacodynamics are essentially:
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What the drug does to the animal.
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Pharmacokinetics purpose:
Takes into account three things: |
Rational dosage design taking into account efficacy, lack of residues and lack of toxicity.
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Lipophilic defn:
aka |
"fat loving" Non-polar, affinitity for lipids.
aka "water fearing" |
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Hydrophilic defn:
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"water loving." Polar, affinity for water
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What are the six areas into which a drug may pass by passing through a lipid membrane?
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1) Environment
2) Interstitial fluid 3) Plasma 4) Interstitial fluid 5) Intra-organelle fluid |
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Where do drugs enter PO?
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Into the environment?.
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Where do drugs enter IM/SC first?
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Interstitial fluid (before plasma)
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Where do drugs enter IV first?
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Directly into plasma.
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Drugs move by what three main mechanisms?
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Diffusion, Carrier Mediated, and Endocytosis/exocytosis
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Drug Movement
What two types of diffusion are there, and what are examples of these? |
Lipid: Across biologic membranes
Aqueous: through pores, within body cavity |
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Drug Movement
What are the two types of Carrier mediated transport and what are two important characteristics of each? |
Active transport
-energy expended -saturable and specific Facilitated Diffusion -no energy required -saturable and specific |
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Drug Movement
Endocytosis and Exocytosis What are minor and major effects (1 of each)? |
minor PK effects
Major effects toxicity and residue |
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What is the primary means of drug movement in the body?
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Diffusion
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Is Diffusion passive or active?
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passive durg movement
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How is diffusion affected by the concentration gradient?
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Drug moves from higher concentration to lower until equilibrium
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What physiochemical properties of the drug affect diffusion?
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Molecular weight
Molecular conformation Lipophilicity pKa |
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What is the physiochemical properties of the membrane which affect diffusion?
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Lipid composition
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What order process is diffusion and what does this mean?
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First-order: fixed proporiton of drug moves per time
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What are the 6 important factors of diffusion?
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1) Primary means of drug movement in the body?
2) Passive 3) Concentration gradient 4) Physiochemical properties of the drug 5) Physiochemical properties of the membrane 6) First-order: fixed proportion of drug moves per time |
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Diffusion is dependent on what 5 factors?
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1) Concentration gradient
2) surface area 3) lipophilicity 4) Soution in membrane 5) Membrane thickness (inversely) |
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Drug Movement First Order means:
What is constant, what is not? |
A fixed proportion of drug moves per time.
Constant rate, not constant amount of drug. |
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Carrier mediated transport
Which law? 1 very important component: What order, and what does this mean? |
Michaelis-Menton Rate Law
Saturable Zero-order: A fixed amount of drug moves per time (not fixed rate) |