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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bandwagon |
Is based on the belief that popularity (or patriotism or snobbishness) is the same as validity Example: *My friends skip school so I skip school |
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Sentimental Appeals |
Emotion (often pity or fear) to distract the audience from the facts Example: *I mean, sure I killed him but my puppy died and I did it out of sadness |
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Red Herring |
Red Herring introduce evidence that is unrelated or misleading to support a conclusion. (Sometimes called a smoke screen) Example: *I didn't get my homework done because the teachers were drinking coffee |
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Scare Tactics |
Claim that something bad will happen if you do not accept the argument Example: *Re-Tweet or have bad luck then be killed by little Timmy in 5 years |
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Slippery Slope |
Arguments assume one thing will lead to another (These arguments ignore cause and effect) Example: *If you don't read then you'll get bad grade and inevitable go to jail |
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Either/Or |
Artificially limit complicated issues to only two possible courses of action Example: *Are you the one who falsified his death records? |
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False Need |
Arguments create an unnecessary desire for things Example: *I have get these pairs of shoes or they'll think your un-cool |
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False Authority |
Uses a biased, suspicious or non-credible source, (often using yourself as an authority). Note; it is not fallacious if the individual is an expert in a given field, but using Einstein to settle a point about politics would be fallacious Example: *My mom said I'm awesome |
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Ad Hominem |
Attacks the individual instead of the argument (often stereotyping) Example: *I assumed because your a boy your unfaithful and flirt with all the girl |
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Poisoning the Well (a form of Ad hominem) |
Is presenting negative information about an opponent before he/she speaks in order to discredit the argument Example: *That girl is such a bully and is mean to everyone, I wouldn't listen to a word she says |
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Dogmatism |
Shuts down the discussion by claiming that the writer's beliefs are the only acceptable ones Example: *I'm write and your wrong. |
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Guilt by Association |
Calls someone's character into question by examining the character of that person's associated Example: *Your father was a killer so you must be to |
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Straw Man |
(A subtype of red herring) fallacy is restating a complex idea into a simpler version of it Example: *I'm gonna build a wall and keep people out |
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Moral Equivalence |
Compares minor problems with much more serious crimes (or vice versa) Example: *My dog died so I know how you feel when you say your brother died |
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Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning) |
Assumes the thing to be true that you are trying to prove. It is circular reasoning supporting a premise. Example: *You can't give me home work because I'm not going home tonight |
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Stacked Evidence |
Represents only one side of the issue Example: *Chocolate is better then vanilla because it is healthier |
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Hasty Generalization |
Draw conclusion from scanty evidence or an isolated or exceptional case Example: *Your stupid, John is stupid, everyone here must be stupid |
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Non Sequitur |
Is a conclusion that has no apparent connection to the premises or reasons. Example: *You know why it's storming? Because weatherman said it would be a nice day. |
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Post Hoc or Correlation/Causation |
Blames someone for something they have no control over. It confuses chronology with causation Example: *Lets not take Jared to the movies, every time we do we spill popcorn |
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Equivocation |
Is a half truth, or statement that it partially true, but purposely hides the whole truth. Example: *We went to the movies then came home..... After we went to the party |
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Faulty Analogy |
Is a misleading comparison of two different things or two unrelated situations. It overlooks important dissimilarities in order to focus on shaky similarities Example: *He only got three years for murder, I should only got three |