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21 Cards in this Set

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Bandwagon

Is based on the belief that popularity (or patriotism or snobbishness) is the same as validity




Example: *My friends skip school so I skip school

Sentimental Appeals

Emotion (often pity or fear) to distract the audience from the facts




Example: *I mean, sure I killed him but my puppy died and I did it out of sadness

Red Herring

Red Herring introduce evidence that is unrelated or misleading to support a conclusion. (Sometimes called a smoke screen)




Example: *I didn't get my homework done because the teachers were drinking coffee

Scare Tactics

Claim that something bad will happen if you do not accept the argument




Example: *Re-Tweet or have bad luck then be killed by little Timmy in 5 years

Slippery Slope

Arguments assume one thing will lead to another (These arguments ignore cause and effect)




Example: *If you don't read then you'll get bad grade and inevitable go to jail

Either/Or

Artificially limit complicated issues to only two possible courses of action




Example: *Are you the one who falsified his death records?

False Need

Arguments create an unnecessary desire for things




Example: *I have get these pairs of shoes or they'll think your un-cool

False Authority

Uses a biased, suspicious or non-credible source, (often using yourself as an authority). Note; it is not fallacious if the individual is an expert in a given field, but using Einstein to settle a point about politics would be fallacious




Example: *My mom said I'm awesome

Ad Hominem

Attacks the individual instead of the argument (often stereotyping)




Example: *I assumed because your a boy your unfaithful and flirt with all the girl

Poisoning the Well (a form of Ad hominem)

Is presenting negative information about an opponent before he/she speaks in order to discredit the argument




Example: *That girl is such a bully and is mean to everyone, I wouldn't listen to a word she says

Dogmatism

Shuts down the discussion by claiming that the writer's beliefs are the only acceptable ones




Example: *I'm write and your wrong.

Guilt by Association

Calls someone's character into question by examining the character of that person's associated




Example: *Your father was a killer so you must be to

Straw Man

(A subtype of red herring) fallacy is restating a complex idea into a simpler version of it




Example: *I'm gonna build a wall and keep people out

Moral Equivalence

Compares minor problems with much more serious crimes (or vice versa)




Example: *My dog died so I know how you feel when you say your brother died

Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning)

Assumes the thing to be true that you are trying to prove. It is circular reasoning supporting a premise.




Example: *You can't give me home work because I'm not going home tonight

Stacked Evidence

Represents only one side of the issue




Example: *Chocolate is better then vanilla because it is healthier

Hasty Generalization

Draw conclusion from scanty evidence or an isolated or exceptional case




Example: *Your stupid, John is stupid, everyone here must be stupid

Non Sequitur

Is a conclusion that has no apparent connection to the premises or reasons.




Example: *You know why it's storming? Because weatherman said it would be a nice day.

Post Hoc or Correlation/Causation

Blames someone for something they have no control over. It confuses chronology with causation




Example: *Lets not take Jared to the movies, every time we do we spill popcorn

Equivocation

Is a half truth, or statement that it partially true, but purposely hides the whole truth.




Example: *We went to the movies then came home..... After we went to the party

Faulty Analogy

Is a misleading comparison of two different things or two unrelated situations. It overlooks important dissimilarities in order to focus on shaky similarities




Example: *He only got three years for murder, I should only got three