Ap 3 Ch27 Russia And Japan: Industrialization Outside The West_Key People

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Alexander I

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- flirted with liberal rhetoric, but at the Congress of Vienna he sponsored the Holy Alliance idea. In the alliance, conservative monarchies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria would combine in defense of religion and the established order. The alliance accomplished little.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Pushkin

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- poet who decended from an African slave. Used romantic styles to celebrate the beauties of the Russian soul and the tragic dignity of the common people.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People:Nicholas I

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- A revolt of Western-oriented army officers in 1825, the Decembrist Uprising, inspired Nicholas I to still adamant conservatism. Repression of political opponets stiffened , and the secret police expanded. Newspapers and schools, already confined to a small minority, were were tightly supervised.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Alexander II

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- The Crimean War helped convince him that it was time for a change; that reform was essential , not to copy the West but to allow sufficient economic adjustments for Russia to keep pace in the military area. Pulled back his reform intrest by the late 1870's, fearing that change was getting out of hand. He was assassinated in 1881 by a terrorist bomb. His successors continued to oppose further political reform.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Count Witte

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- minister of finance from 1892 to 1903 and an ardent economic modernizer. Under him, the government enacted high tariffs to protect new Russian industry, improved its banking system and encouraged Western investors to build great factories with advanced technology.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov/ Lenin

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- a man from a bureaucratic family whose brother had been killed by the political police, introduced important innovations in Marxist theory to make it more appropriate for Russia. He argued that because of the spread of international capitalism, a proletariat was developing worldwide in advance of industrialization. Also insisted on the importance on the importance of disciplined revolutionary cells that could maintain doctrinal purity and effective action even under severe police repression. Lenin's approach animated the group of Russian Marxists known as Bolsheviks or majority party.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Matthew Perry

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- American commodore who arrived with a squadron in Edo Bay near Tokyo in 1853 and used threats of bombardment to insist that Americans be allowed to trade. In 1854, Perry won the right to station an American consul in Japan; in 1856 , though a formal treaty, two ports were open to commerce.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Iwasoki Yataro

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- former samurai who started his career buying weapons for a feudal lord. He set up his the Mitsubishi company after 1868, winning government contracts for railroad and steamship lines designed to compete with British companies in the region. Despite his overbearing personality, Iwasaki built a loyal mangement group , including other former samurai , and by his death had a stake in shipbuilding, mining, and banking as well as transportation.

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Chapter 27 Russia and Japan: Industrial Outside the West
Key People: Nicholas II

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- weak man who was badly advised. Could not surrender the tradition of autocratic rule , and the duma became a hollow institution, satisfying no one.