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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the Urinary System?
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To maintain homeostasis by filtering blood plasma
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What are the organs of the Urinary System?
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Kidneys
Ureters Bladder Urethra nerves & blood vessels |
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How does the Urinary System maintain homeostasis?
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~By regulating blood pressure, blood volume, pH, RBC production and concentration of electrolytes
~Reabsorbing glucose and other contents ~ Excreting wastes ~Releasing of hormones |
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What hormones do the Urinary System release?
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renin and EPO (erythropoietin) and activation of vitamin D
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What electrolytes does the Urinary System regulate the concentration of?
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Na+ HCO3-
K+ HPO4-3 Ca 2+ Mg2+ Cl- |
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What is the function of the Kidneys?
and what do the eliminate? |
They are the body's main excretory organ
Water, nitrogenous wastes, electrolytes, toxins and drugs |
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Where are the Kidneys located?
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~Above the waist between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen
~Partially protected by the 11th and 12th ribs |
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What are the 2 distinct regions of the Kidney and what are their functions?
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The CORTEX is to filtrate plasma
The MEDULLA is to collect and concentrate the plasma and excrete urine |
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What protects the Kidneys?
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The ribs, renal fascia, and adipose tissue (Fat)
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Which Kidney is lower and why?
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The right is lower because of the position of the Liver
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What are nephrons and what do they do?
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The cells that make up a Kidney
They filter blood keeping all of the good blood and nutrients contained and turn all of the excess waste into urine |
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What is the Ureter?
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~A tubular structure that starts in Hilum and goes to the base of the Bladder
~Is apx 25 cm long |
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What is the Hilum?
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An indented area in each kidney where the Ureter and the Renal Blood Vessels emerge
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What is the Urethra? And how long is it in men and women?
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~A tube that starts in the bladder and descends, allowing urine to be excreted
~24 cm in men; 4 cm in women |
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What are the Renal Pyramids?
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8-18 conical subdivisions within the Medulla that contain the Kidney's secreting apparatus and tubules
(make up the medulla) |
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What are the Renal Columns?
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Medullary extensions of the Renal Cortex in between the Renal Pyramid
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What do the Renal Columns consist of?
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Blood Vessels
Urinary Tubes Fibrous Material |
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What do the Renal Columns do?
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Allow the Cortex to be better anchored
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What is the Renal Papilla?
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Where the Medullary Pyramids empty filtrate into cuplike structures called Minor and Major Calyces
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What happens in the Renal Papilla?
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Urine that was formed in the Kidneys goes through a Papilla at the apex, into the Minor Calyx, and into the Major Calyx
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When does the filtrate become Urine and why?
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Once it enter the Calyces because it can no longer be absorbed
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How many Major and Minor Calyces receive Urine from one Papilla of one Renal Pyramid?
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8-18 Minor
2-3 Major |
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what are the nitrogenous wastes that the Kidneys eliminate?
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Urea, Uric Acid, Creatine, Ammonia
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What do the Ureters do?
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Bring urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder
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What is the purpose of the Bladder?
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A temporary storage area for Urine
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What is the purpose of the Urethra?
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Carry the Urine from the Bladder to the outside of the body
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How much of our blood goes to the Kidneys?
What does this mean? |
About 25%
They are very sensitive to changes in Blood Pressure |
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What is Creatinine?
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A by product of muscle breakdown
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What happens if the Kidneys let go of a lot of water?
What if they reabsorb a lot of water? |
Our blood volume decreases
Our blood volume increases |
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How do Blood Pressure and Blood Volume relate?
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Blood Volume Increases=Blood Pressure Increases
Blood Volume Decreases=Blood Pressure Decreases |
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What do Blood Pressure Pills do?
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Get rid of excess water, thus making you urinate and decreasing Blood Pressure
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What determines the acidity of the blood?
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how many hydrogen ions we hold on to
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How do the Kidneys regulate RBC production?
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When oxygen is low they get the message in the juxtaglomerular nephron and release ERYTHROPOIETIN which goes to the bone marrow and tells it to increase RBC production
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What do nephrons do? and what are the 2 main parts?
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Turn blood into urine
Tubules & Blood Vessels |
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What are the sections in a Nephron? And what type of cell comprises them?
(5) |
Bowman's Capsule- simple squamous
Proximal Convoluted Tubule- cuboidal The Descending Limb- Simple Squamous The Loop of Henle- Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal & Low Columnar The Ascending Limb- Simple Squamous The Distal Convoluted Tubule- Cuboidal |
