A&p 2: Urinary System

Front 1

Glomerular Capsule

Back 1

Permeable visceral layer fused with capillaries

Impermeable parieatal layer

Capsular space that receives filtrate

Front 2

Renal Tubule

Back 2

PCT

NL

DCT

Front 3

Cortical Nephrons

Back 3

SHORT nephron loop that extend DEEP in medulla

Front 4

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Back 4

LONG nephron loop extending deep in medulla

F: Urine concentration

Front 5

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Back 5

F: regulates filtrate formation and Blood P

Includes- Granular cells: mechanoreceptors

Macula Densa- Chemoreceptors

Front 6

Principle Cells

Back 6

Regulate urine concentration, respond to ADH and aldosterone hormone.

Front 7

Intercalated Cells

Back 7

regulates urine PH

Front 8

Glomerular Formation

Back 8

mvm of substance into capsular space due to pressure differences across filtration membrane

Front 9

Tubular Reabsorbtion

Back 9

tubular fluid back into Blood

By: Diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Front 10

Tubular Secretion

Back 10

Blood to Tubular Space

By: Active Transport

Front 11

Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure

Back 11

PUSHES water and some solutes out and into the glomeruus

Front 12

Blood Colloid Pressure

Back 12

PULL fluuids back into glomerulus

Front 13

Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure

Back 13

RESISTS Mvm of additional fluids

Front 14

Intrinsic Control

Back 14

DONE by the kidney

Goal: MAINTAIN the BASIC RATE of filtration despite the small fluctuations of BP

Front 15

Extrinsic Control

Back 15

DONE by Nervouse and Endocrine System

Goal: Alters the Basic Rate of filtration if the bodys needs and conditions change

Ex: STRESS (EEE), Hemorrhaging

Front 16

Sub. REabsorbed completly

Back 16

We cannot afford to excrete them so our body has ways of storing them in a form that does not disrupt homeostasis

Front 17

Sub. with Regulated Reabsorption

Back 17

We have little/no capacity to store them in a way that maintains blood homeostasis. The amount is constantly adjusted by hormones to maintain homeostasis.

Front 18

Sub. Reabsorbed Completely

Back 18

Organic nutrients

Small proteins need to be ENDOCYTIZED and broken down into Amino Acids in order to enter capillaries.

Front 19

Acidic State

Back 19

"A" Intercalated Cells

Front 20

Alkaline State

Back 20

"B" Intercalated Cells

Front 21

Descending limb

Back 21

Impermeable to salt

Permeable to water

Front 22

Ascending Limb

Back 22

Impermeable to water

Permeable to salt

Front 23

Acidic

Back 23

Protein and Wheat

Front 24

Basic

Back 24

Fruits and Vegetables

Front 25

Detrusor Muscle

Back 25

3 layers of smooth muscle

Front 26

Internal Urethral Sphincter

Back 26

Smooth muscle controlled by Autonomic Nervous system

Front 27

External Urethral Sphincter

Back 27

Skeletal muscle fibers or urogenital diaphragm, controlled by Somatic Nervous system

Front 28

Micturition

Back 28

Storage Reflux

Micturition Reflux

Front 29

Storage Reflux

Back 29

-Relaxation of Detrusor muscle to accommodate Increasing Urine Volume

-Contraction of the internal AND external sphincters to retain urine

Front 30

Micturition reflux

Back 30

1. Baroreceptors in the bladder wall are activated and send signals to the Cerebral Cortex and Micturition center in the Pons.

2. Contraction of the bladder and relaxation of internal urethral sphincters. "toilet training"

Conscious control

Front 31

Conscious control

Back 31

Relaxation of External Sphincters by contraction of Abbs and expiratory muscles.

Front 32

Ovaries

Back 32

Paired Oval organs located within in the pelvic cavity. Larger than an almond. Anchored by chords and sheets of connective tissue,

Front 33

Follicle

Back 33

Oocyte+Follicular Cells (Granulosa Cells)

Front 34

Primordial Follicle

Back 34

Primary oocyte (Prophase 1)

Contain a single layer of flattened follicular cells

Front 35

Primary Follicle

Back 35

Primary Oocyte (Prophase 1) Multiple layers of follicular cells that SECRETE Estrogen.

Front 36

Secondary Follicle

Back 36

Primary Oocyte (Prophase 1)

Develops Zona Pellucida (protein coat)

and Corona Radiata (inner follicular cells) which are both protective structures around the oocyte.

Front 37

Vesicular Follicle (Tertiary, Mature Follicle)

Back 37

Secondary Oocyte

1 per month will mature

Many layers of granulosa cells, and a very large antrum.

Will reupture to release oocyte (ovulation)

Front 38

Corpus Luteum

Back 38

NO oocyte

Secrete Progesterone and Estrogen that stimulate build up of Uterine lining

Front 39

Corpus Albicans

Back 39

No Oocyte. Connective tissue scar.

Front 40

Urinoid

Back 40

Normal smell of fresh pee

Front 41

Urobilin

Back 41

Urine is Clear to dark yellow depending on this degrading product of heme

Front 42

Abnormal components

Back 42

Glucose, ketones, and proteins in more than trace amounts, bile, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocyte