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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two roles of ACE
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activates Ang1
inactivates bradykinin |
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Three vasoactive substances elminated by the lungs
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Bradykinin
Serotonin Norepinephrine |
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Where is ACE located in the lungs
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endothelial cells of the resp. vasculature
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Pulmonary effects of histamine
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pulmonary constrictor
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2 reasons that the sinus plexus is protective
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cold cilia don't work well
prevents air bubble formation |
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Where does impaction occur
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nasal cavity
pharynx carina |
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Where does sedimentation occur
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terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole |
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4 immunologic agents in the mucus
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Immunoglobulins
Interferon lactoferrin lysozymes |
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What are 5 factors that inhibit cilia
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Dry air
cold inhaled anesthetics cigarette smoke ETT |
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2 inhibitors of alveolar macrophages
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cigarette smoke
low alveolar oxygen |
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emphysema caused by high proteolytic enzyme levels
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alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema
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Initiates the cough reflex
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bronchi
larynx carina |
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Another name for ACE
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depeptide hydrolase
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Vasocative substances that are not affected by the lungs at all
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Histamine
Epinephrine Vasopressin (ADH) |
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Particles of this size are removed by impaction
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> 5 um
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Particles of this size are removed by sedimentation
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1-5 um
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How are particles of less than 0.1 um filtered in the lungs. Where does this occur
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Brownian motion
alveoli |
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Most prevalent immunoglobulin
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IgA
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Where are immunoglobulins produced
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Plasma cells
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Volume of air that is inhaled or the volume of air that is exhaled with each breath
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tidal volume
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Normal TV
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500 ml
10% TLC |
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Total lung capacitance
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6 L
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Sigh volume
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1.5 X TV
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Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled following a normal passive inspiration
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Inspiratory reserve Volume (IRV)
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What is a normal Inspiratory reserve Volume (IRV)
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3000ml
50% TLC |
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Maximal volume of air that can be exhaled following a normal passive exhalation
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Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
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What is a normal Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
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1200 mL
20% |
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Volume of air remaining in the lungs following maximal forced expiration
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Residual Volume
(RV) |
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What is a normal Residual Volume
(RV) |
1200 mL
20% |
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Which 3 lung capacities cannot be directly measured
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RV
TLC FRC |
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Volume of air in the lungs following maximal inspiraiton
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Total Lung Capacitance (TLC)
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What is the normal Total Lung Capacitance (TLC)
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6 L
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Maximal volume of air that can be inhaled following a normal passive exhalation
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Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
TV + IRV |
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What does Inspiratory Capacity (IC) represent
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TV + IRV
60% 3500 ml |
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What is the maximum volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled following a maximal inspiration
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Expiratory Vital Capacity (EVC)
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What does Expiratory Vital Capacity (EVC) represent
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ERV+TV+IRV
50%+10%+20% 4800 |
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What is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following a maximal forced expiration
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Inspiratory Vital Capacity (IVC)
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What does Inspiratory Vital Capacity (IVC) represent
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ERV+TV+IRV
50%+10%+20% 4800 |
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What kind of person will have a greater IRV than a ERV?
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COPDer
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The volume of air in the lungs following a normal passive exhalation
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Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
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What does Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represent
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FRC= ERV + RV
20%+20% 2400 mL |
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Another name for the sol layer
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periciliary fluid
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Bateriocidal components of the mucus
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immunoglobulins
lysozymes |
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Antiviral component of the mucus
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interferon
immunoglobulins |
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Bacteriostatic component of the mucus
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lactoferrin
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Where are proteolytic enzymes released from in the lungs
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Bacteria
leukocytes monocytes-alveolar macrophages |
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How does PSNS protect the airway
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Increases mucus
Decreases airway: greater impaction greater resistance |
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3 factors that lead to laryngeal spasm
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low ECF calcium
reflex stimulation direct stimulation |
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Proteolytic that is beneficial by removing dead lung tissue
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neutrophil elastase
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