Ap 2 Lab 6 Pract 2

Front 1

ventilation

Back 1

inspiration and expiration

Front 2

Inspiration - contract - outside muscle - inc thoracic cap

Back 2

air is taken in - Diaphragm contract (pull together -- pull away from cage flatten - expansion) and external intercostal muscle contract lift up the cage pull away from diaphragm

Front 3

expiration - passive - inside muscle and wall

Back 3

passive recoil but can be contracted to push extra air during expiration by internal intercostals - abdominal-wall muscles

Front 4

Expiratory Reverse volume (ERV)

Back 4

1200 - 700 mL of air can be forcefully EXpired

Front 5

Force vital capacity FVC

Back 5

amt of air that can be EXPELLED (when deepest inhale and forcefully exhale - rapidly)

Front 6

Tidal volume - TV

Back 6

500 ml of inspired and expired at quiet breathing

Front 7

Inspiratory Reverse volume - IRV

Back 7

3100 - 1900 mL of air can be forcefully INspired

Front 8

residual volume diagnostic

Back 8

1200- 1100 mL amt of air remaining after FOrcefully expriration -------- obstruct - restrict the vol === lower

Front 9

Force Expiratory Volume in 1 second - VC

Back 9

Amt of vital cap that is Expired during the 1st second of FVC test (75%-85% of VC)

Front 10

Vital Capacity

Back 10

4800 - 3100 mL -- Max amt of air can be inspired and expired wt max effort -- VC = TV + IRV + ERV

Front 11

Total lung capacity -- everything 3 r

Back 11

6000 - 4200 mL -- amt air in lung after max inspiratory effort -- TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV

Front 12

Ventilation is measured as

Back 12

frequency of breathing x tidal volume

Front 13

Beginning of inspiration ..

Back 13

thoracic capacity volume increase

Front 14

Beginning of expiration

Back 14

pressure of the thoracic capicity increases

Front 15

Minute ventilation calc

Back 15

= TV (ml/breath) x BPM (breath/ min)

Front 16

Obstructive disease affect - FEV

Back 16

airflow ----- small airway radius --- asthma -- bronchi-tis ------- reduce For Exp Cap in 1 sec

Front 17

Restrictive disease affects

Back 17

volumes -- capacities

Front 18

Inhaler for Asthma attack

Back 18

reduce airway resistance

Front 19

FEV1

Back 19

amt VC in the 1st sec ---- 70-85% of VC (longer have more) -- reduce in asthma

Front 20

FVC -------------------- TLC ------------- TV

Back 20

total amt of air OUT after force inhale and force exhale ----------------------- everything --------------------- quiet breathing

Front 21

Emphysema Breathing --- FVC- ERV and FEV1 decrease --- Residue Vol increases

Back 21

loss elastic recoil in lung tissue (wall alveoli) nhao~ ---- inc resistance ------------- less recoil --- have to force EXhale -- expires slowly

Front 22

Acute Asthma Attack Breathing -- TV - ERV - IRV - FVC - FEV ----- RV increases and the rest are decreased -- TLC same

Back 22

bronchiole muscle spasms and constrict ------- reduces diameter ----- clogged wt mucus ---- increase resistance -- both inspired and expired

Front 23

Acute Asthma Attack Breathing causing

Back 23

inflammatioin by allergen -- extreme temp --- exercise --- air way reduce but recoil is the same -------- treatment inhaler ---- beta 2 agonist or ACh antagonist ---> relax muscle ORRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR corticosteriod --- anti-inflammation

Front 24

Breathing during exercise

Back 24

moderate aerobic exercise --> breathing rate inc but less than tidal volume increase ... Heavy exercise --> breath rate - TV increase Max

Front 25

Volume

Back 25

TLV > FVitCap > FExV > IRV > ERV > RV > TV

Front 26

With an inhaler --- volume that are not return to normal ---- RV ----- IRV - FVC - FEV

Back 26

IRV (contrict cant get in) -- RV (can't get out)----- FVC (can't get in enough) - FEV (cant get in enough)

Front 27

ERV = 1400

Back 27

TLC - RV -IRV - TV = 6000 - 1200 - 2900 - 500

Front 28

FVC = 5000

Back 28

IRV + TV + ERV = 3000 + 500 + 1500

Front 29

largest VOl in normal - I is more than ERV

Back 29

IRV

Front 30

RV is increased in _____

Back 30

both emphysema and asthmatic

Front 31

Surfactant tension (dipalitoy-phosphatidyl-choline---------- phosphatidyl gelcerol -------- palmitic acid)

Back 31

uniform molecule arrangement create a tension in the surface prevent objects from coming in

Front 32

Pneumothorax

Back 32

a space between the lung and

Front 33

Ate-lecta-sis

Back 33

lung collapse when there is no pressure in the intrapleural space

Front 34

Surface tension resists any force ________

Back 34

increase the surface area of the boundary ------- no more room for anything to get in

Front 35

Surface tension acts to ____________

Back 35

decrease the size of alveoli within the lung (wo surfactannt surface tension will hold the alveoli to the wall too tide can't recoil)

Front 36

surfactant reduces

Back 36

the force to INflate the lung ( film inside the lung hold alveoli to the wall) -- surfactant help the alveoli recoil

Front 37

Before an INspiration -- P of intrapleural cavity ______________than the P within the alveoli (760 * 756)

Back 37

less

Front 38

respiratory condition of pneumothorax refer to ------

Back 38

any opening that equalize the intrapleural P wt the atm

Front 39

best way to reinflate collapsed lung ____

Back 39

pump air out of intrapleural space -- make negative pressure

Front 40

adding surfactant make

Back 40

increase airflow -- premature infant has no surfactant

Front 41

Pneumo thorax is followed by

Back 41

atelectasis