Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the average normal pH of blood?
A) 8.4 B) 7.8 C) 7.4 D) 4.7 |
C) 7.4
|
|
|
Which of the following is a protective function of blood?
A) prevention of blood loss B) maintenance of adequate fluid volume C) maintenance of normal pH in body tissue D) maintenance of body temperature |
A) prevention of blood loss
|
|
|
The most abundant plasma protein is ________.
A) globulin B) clotting protein C) albumin (also major contributor to osmotic pressure) D) bile |
C) albumin (also major contributor to osmotic pressure)
|
|
|
Blood volume restorers include all of the following except ________.
A) dextran B) albumin C) packed cells D) saline solutions |
C) packed cells
|
|
|
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
A) excitation of the SA node B) closure of the heart valves C) friction of blood against the chamber walls D) opening and closing of the heart valves |
B) closure of the heart valves
|
|
|
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.
A) accommodate a greater volume of blood B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole C) pump blood with greater pressure D) pump blood through a smaller valve |
C) pump blood with greater pressure
|
|
|
Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.
A) SA node B) AV valves C) AV bundle D) AV node |
D) AV node
|
|
|
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.
A) tracing out where the auricles connect B) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls C) locating the apex D) finding the papillary muscles |
B) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
|
|
|
Foramen ovale ________.
A) connects the two atria in the fetal heart B) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close C) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum D) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus |
A) connects the two atria in the fetal heart
|
|
|
The thymus is most active during ________.
A) fetal development B) childhood C) middle age D) old age |
B) childhood
|
|
|
Peyer's patches are found in the ________.
A) duodenum of the small intestine B) ileum of the small intestine C) large intestine D) jejunum of the small intestine |
B) ileum of the small intestine
|
|
|
What is a bubo?
A) a wall in a lymph node B) a lobe of the spleen C) an infected Peyer's patch D) an infected lymph node |
D) an infected lymph node
|
|
|
The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.
A) lingual tonsils B) palatine tonsils C) pharyngeal tonsils D) Peyer's tonsils |
A) lingual tonsils
|
|
|
Which capillaries are the most common in the body
A) sinusoids B) anastomoses C) fenestrated capillaries D) continuous capillaries |
D) continuous capillaries
|
|
|
After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.
A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) subclavian E) digital |
C) brachial
|
|
|
The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.
A) pericardium B) mediastinum C) diaphragm D) peritoneum E) pleura |
C) diaphragm
|
|
|
The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries.
A) radial and ulnar B) femoral and popliteal C) femoral and tibial D) tibial and popliteal E) femoral and deep femoral |
E) femoral and deep femoral
|
|
|
The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein.
A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic |
E) brachiocephalic
|
|
|
The two common iliac veins form the
A) femoral vein. B) greater saphenous vein. C) inferior vena cava. D) hepatic portal vein. E) innominate vein. |
C) inferior vena cava.
|
|
|
The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.
A) digestion B) absorption C) ingestion D) secretion |
A) digestion
|
|
|
Chyme is created in the ________.
A) mouth B) stomach C) esophagus D) small intestine |
B) stomach
|
|
|
Peristaltic waves are ________.
A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another |
D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
|
|
|
Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.
A) chief cells of the stomach B) parietal cells of the duodenum C) Brunner's glands D) goblet cells of the small intestine |
A) chief cells of the stomach
|
|
|
Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________.
A) mucin B) pepsinogen C) hydrochloric acid D) rennin |
C) hydrochloric acid
|
|
|
The term metabolism is best defined as ________.
A) the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats B) a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories C) the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy |
D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy
|
|
|
The term metabolic rate reflects the ________.
A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities B) loss of organic molecules in urine C) energy needed to make all organic molecules D) loss of energy to perspiration |
A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities
|
|
|
The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________.
A) determine the amount of heat needed by the human body B) provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals C) efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body D) break down food molecules and generate ATP |
D) break down food molecules and generate ATP
|
|
|
The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________.
A) gluconeogenesis B) fat utilization C) lipogenesis D) lipolysis |
D) lipolysis
|
|
|
Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________.
A) liver B) muscles C) kidneys D) blood |
A) liver
|
|
|
The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________.
A) diapedesis B) chemotaxis C) margination D) phagocytosis |
B) chemotaxis
|
|
|
Interferons ________.
A) are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus B) act by increasing the rate of cell division C) interfere with viral replication within cells D) are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold |
C) interfere with viral replication within cells
|
|
|
Immunocompetence ________.
A) occurs in one specific organ of the adaptive immune system B) is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it C) prevents intercellular communication so that only specific cell types respond to the invader D) requires exposure to an antigen |
B) is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it
|
|
|
The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the ________.
A) regulatory cells B) helper cells C) cytotoxic cells D) plasma cells |
C) cytotoxic cells
|
|
|
Natural killer (NK) cells ________.
A) are also called cytotoxic T cells B) are a type of phagocyte C) are cells of the adaptive immune system D) can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated |
D) can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated
|
|
|
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
A) alveolar sacs B) alveoli C) respiratory bronchioles D) alveolar ducts |
B) alveoli
|
|
|
Tidal volume is air ________.
A) remaining in the lungs after forced expiration B) exchanged during normal breathing C) inhaled after normal inspiration D) forcibly expelled after normal expiration |
B) exchanged during normal breathing
|
|
|
Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.
A) midbrain and medulla B) medulla and pons C) pons and midbrain D) upper spinal cord and medulla |
B) medulla and pons
|
|
|
Inspiratory capacity is ________.
A) the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration B) the total amount of exchangeable air C) functional residual capacity D) air inspired after a tidal inhalation |
A) the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration
|
|
|
A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________.
A) 17 weeks B) 24 weeks C) 28 weeks D) 36 weeks |
C) 28 weeks
|
|
|
The renal corpuscle is made up of ________.
A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus B) the descending loop of Henle C) the renal pyramid D) the renal papilla |
A) Bowman's capsule and glomerulus
|
|
|
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.
A) nephron B) loop of Henle C) glomerular capsule D) basement membrane of the capillaries |
A) nephron
|
|
|
Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it ________.
A) is not reabsorbed by the tubule cells B) increases the rate of glomerular filtration C) increases secretion of ADH D) inhibits the release of ADH |
D) inhibits the release of ADH
|
|
|
Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?
A) macula densa B) principal cell C) vasa recta D) loop of Henle |
A) macula densa
|
|
|
The macula densa cells respond to ________.
A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone C) changes in pressure in the tubule D) changes in solute content of the filtrate |
D) changes in solute content of the filtrate
|
|
|
Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
A) a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids B) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction C) a runner has completed a very long marathon D) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions |
B) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
|
|
|
The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.
A) plasma B) intracellular fluid C) interstitial fluid D) cerebrospinal fluid |
A) plasma
|
|
|
The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.
A) phosphate B) hemoglobin C) bicarbonate D) protein |
C) bicarbonate
|
|
|
Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
A) aldosterone B) thymosin C) antidiuretic hormone D) atrial natriuretic peptide |
C) antidiuretic hormone
|
|
|
A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?
A) respiratory acidosis B) metabolic acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis |
C) metabolic alkalosis
|
|
|
The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
A) protect the ovaries B) synthesize female hormones C) regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum |
D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
|
|
|
Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
A) ovary B) uterus C) vagina D) fallopian tubes |
D) fallopian tubes
|
|
|
Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
|
Labia majora
|
|
|
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
A) spermatocytes B) spermatogonia C) sustentacular cells D) interstitial cells |
D) interstitial cells
|
|
|
Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte B) serves as a passageway for menstrual flow C) is the birth canal D) receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse |
A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
|
|
|
Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?
A) ACTH B) inhibin C) ICSH D) testosterone |
B) inhibin
|
|
|
Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
A) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only. B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced. D) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans. |
B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
|
|
|
Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
A) LH B) FSH C) progesterone D) estrogen |
A) LH
|
|
|
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.
A) decreased testosterone secretion B) excessive beard growth C) increased spermatogenesis D) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland |
A) decreased testosterone secretion
|
|
|
Prostate cancer is _______.
A) the number-one cause of death in men B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient C) most common in Asians D) often the result of a distortion of the urethra |
B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient
|
|
|
Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
A) blood levels of FSH fall off B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease C) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase D) the corpus luteum secretes estrogen |
B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
|
|
|
Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
A) contraction of uterine muscles B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation C) secretory activity of the uterine myometrium D) development of the female secondary sex characteristics |
B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
|
|
|
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
A) about the same number of each is produced per month B) they have the same degree of motility C) they have the same number of chromosomes D) they are about the same size |
C) they have the same number of chromosomes
|
|
|
The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
A) smoking B) a diet high in fat C) nondescent of the testes D) sexually transmitted infections |
C) nondescent of the testes
|
|
|
What destroys the sperm receptors on the surface of the oocyte?
|
zonal inhibiting proteins
|
|
|
Relaxin is a hormone produced by the placenta and ovaries. The function of this hormone is to ________.
A) block the pain of childbirth B) ensure the implantation of the blastula C) relax the pubic symphysis D) prevent morning sickness |
C) relax the pubic symphysis
|
|
|
Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum?
A) estrogen B) progesterone C) human chorionic gonadotropin D) human placental lactogen |
C) human chorionic gonadotropin
|
|
|
Muscle tissue is formed by the ________.
A) mesoderm B) ectoderm C) endoderm D) epiderm |
A) mesoderm
|
|
|
At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled?
A) dystocia B) expulsion C) placental D) full dilation |
C) placental
|
|
|
During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered?
A) dilation stage B) expulsion stage C) placental stage D) gastrula stage |
B) expulsion stage
|
|
|
Cleavage as part of embryonic development is distinctive because it involves ________.
A) cell division by mitosis with little or no growth between successive divisions B) the fusion of gametes C) splitting the cell into two separate cells D) meiosis |
A) cell division by mitosis with little or no growth between successive divisions
|
|
|
Shortly after implantation ________.
A) maternal blood sinuses bathe the inner cell mass B) myometrical cells cover and seal off the blastocyst C) the trophoblast forms two distinct layers D) the embryo gastrulates (within 3 days) |
C) the trophoblast forms two distinct layers
|
|
|
The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________.
A) allantois B) archenteron C) placental tissue D) lining of the endometrium |
C) placental tissue
|
|
|
Neural tissue is formed by the ________.
A) epiderm B) endoderm C) mesoderm D) ectoderm |
D) ectoderm
|
|
|
Hormones concerned with events of lactation include ________.
A) estrogen B) oxytocin C) progesterone D) hCG |
B) oxytocin
|
|
|
Milk ejection or letdown reflex is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy?
A) inhibin B) oxytocin C) prolactin D) gonadotropin |
B) oxytocin
|
|
|
The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is ________.
A) zygote, blastocyst, morula B) zygote, morula, blastocyst C) blastocyst, morula, zygote D) morula, zygote, blastocyst |
B) zygote, morula, blastocyst
|
|
|
In __________ , the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely before the birth of the fetus.
|
abruptio Placentae
|
|
|
Which body system of a pregnant woman undergoes the most dramatic physiological changes during pregnancy?
|
cardiovascular system
|
|
|
How long is the egg viable and capable of being fertilized after it is ovulated?
|
12-24 hours
|
|
|
The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. Which portion is from the fetus?
A) chorion B) umbilicus C) yolk sac D) amnion |
A) chorion
|
