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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Subclavian artery turns into the ___________ _________ after it passes the first rib
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Axillary artery
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The axillary artery gives off Several muscular branches and becomes the __________ _______
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Brachial artery
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The brachial artery becomes what two arteries?
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The ulnar and radial arteries
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The radial and ulnar Anastamose in the hand to become the _______ __________
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Palmer arches
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The internal thoracic artery Branches from the _______ and gives off the ___________ __________ __________
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Subclavian, anterior intercostal arteries
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The internal thoracic artery is often used for what type of surgery?
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Coronary by-pass surgery
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The descending aorta gives off the ________ _______ _______ along with branches to the ________, ___________ and the _________
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Posterior intercostal arteries, Lungs, esophagus and diaphragm
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The common Iliac arteries divide into the ________ and ________ iliacs
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Internal and external
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The internal iliac supplies the ________, _______, And _________ (pelvic organs)
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Bladder, Rectum, And internal reproductive organs
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The external iliac turns into the _______ artery after it crosses the ________ _________
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Femoral, inguinal ligament
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This artery branches off the femoral and supplies most of the thigh muscles
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The deep femoral artery
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This is the opening the femoral artery passes through before it turns into the ________ _______.
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Adductor hiatus, popliteal artery
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The popliteal is on which side of the knee cap?
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The posterior side
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The popliteal artery turns into the __________ and ________ _________ arteries
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Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
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The anterior Tibial artery becomes the ______ _______ ________ on the foot
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Dorsalis pedis artery
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The anterior tibial artery supplies blood to the?
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Anterior muscle compartment of the leg
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The posterior tibial artery gives off to the _______ _______
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Fibular artery
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The fibulas artery supplies blood to the?
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Muscles of the lateral leg
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The dorsal is pedis and posterior tibial arteries Anastamose In the foot to form the ______ _______
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Plantar arch
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The dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses are referred to as the _______ _______
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Pedal pulses
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The ________ _______ _______ or SVC drains everything above the diaphragm except for the ____________ and __________ circulations
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superior vena cava ; coronary ; pulmonary
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The _______ and _________ ____________ veins unite to form the SVC
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right and left brachiocephalic
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What comes together to form the brachiocephalic veins?
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the internal jugular and subclavian veins
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This veins drains everything below the diaphragm and is located on the right side of the heart.
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the inferior vena cava
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These veins come together to form the IVC.
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the common iliac veins
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The veins within the brain drain into the ________ _________ which drain into the _________ ________ veins
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dural sinuses, internal jugular veins
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The ______ _______ veins drain the scalp and face regions.
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external jugular
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The external jugular veins empty into what vein?
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the subclavian vein
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The _________ ______ drain into the subclavian veins.
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The vertebral veins
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The internal jugular veins run alongside the ________ and ________ ________ arteries and join the ______ _______ to form the brachiocephalic veins.
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internal and common carotid; subclavian veins
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What are the deep veins that run alongside the arteries in the upper limbs and thorax??
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the radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins.
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The superficial veins in the upper limbs and thorax include:
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the cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins
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Which side of the upper limb does the cephalic vein run along? What does this vein drain into?
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lateral side ; axillary vein
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This vein runs along the medial side of the arm. This vein joins the brachial vein to form the ________ vein.
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basilic; axillary
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This vein connects the basilic and cephalic veins.
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the median cubital vein
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This vein is often used for drawing blood.
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the median cubital vein
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The _______ _____ system drains the posterior thoracic wall and empties into the SVC.
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azygos vein system
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This provides collateral flow between the IVC and SVC in certain situations
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the azygos vein system
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What are the deep veins of the pelvis and lower limbs? (8)
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anterior tibial, fibular, posterior tibial, popliteal, femoral, external iliac, internal iliac, and common iliac
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What are the superficial veins of the lower limbs and pelvic region? (2)
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the great saphenous, and the small saphenous
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This vein runs along the medial side of the lower limb and empties into the femoral vein
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the great saphenous
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Which vein is used for coronary by-pass grafting and is considered the longest vein in the body?
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the great saphenous
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This vein runs along the posterior calf and drains into the popliteal vein.
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the small saphenous
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What does OP stand for?
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Colloid osmotic pressure
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OP is created by the difference between the _______ _______ of solute particles _____ the capillary versus ______ the capillary
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total concentration ; inside ; outside
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OP is largely due to large ________ ________, such as albumin, which are unable to pass through the capillary wall
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plasma
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Is the total concentration of the solute particles higher or lower in the plasma than in the interstitial fluid? In this case, what happens to the capillaries?
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higher ; water moves INTO the capillaries
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What happens to the HP as it goes from the arterial end to the venous end? What happens to the OP?
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HP goes from 35 mm to 17mm. Op stays the same
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At the arterial end, the HP is (greater than/less than) the OP, therefore fluid moves (in,out) of the capillary?
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greater than; out
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At the venous end, the HP is (greater than/less than) the OP, therefore fluid moves (in,out) of the capillary?
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less than; into
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what is the net loss of fluid from a capillary?
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90ml/hr or about 10%
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what happens to the fluid that is lost from capillaries?
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it is returned to the circulations by the lymphatic system
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What is perfusion?
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Blood flow through the capillary beds
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Define circulatory shock.
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Any condition in which there is an inadequate perfusion of the tissues, causing inadequate O2 delivery to meet tissue needs
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This type of shock results from a significant loss of blood volume. Give an example of when this would happen.
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Hypovolemic shock; Major hemorrhage or severe dehydration.
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Hemorrhagic shock is an example of what other type of shock?
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Hypovolemic shock
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What is a late sign of Hypovolemic shock, and what else does this indicate?
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A low bp, this indicates major volume loss
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What does decreased blood volume do to the venous return? What about BP, SV, and CO?
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All of these decrease
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Which output system increases when there is decreased blood volume? What happens when over 30% of the blood is lost?
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Sympathetic ; Sympathetic output cannot increase further and BP will fall.
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The management of Hypovolemic shock involves:
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Volume replacement with isotonic IV fluids
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Vascular shock is characterized by:
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Normal blood volume, but extreme vasodialtion.
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What does a dilation of arterioles do to the peripheral resistance?
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Decreases it drastically
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What does dilation of the veins do to the venous return?
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Decreases it
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What does dilation of the arterioles and/or veins do to the blood pressure?
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leads to rapid drop - decreases
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What is anaphylactic shock caused by?
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a severe allergic reaction; histamine is involved
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What is neurogenic shock caused by? Give an example of an injury that causes this:
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loss of sympathetic vasomotor tone; spinal cord injury
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What is septic shock? what happens to the vessels?
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shock due to severe bacterial infection; extreme vasodilation
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When does cardiogenic shock occur?
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when the heart is unable to maintain an adequate cardiac output at rest (<5L/min); due to myocardial damage such as multiple MI's
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Which systemic veins return blood to the heart? (3)
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the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus
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Where do superficial veins run? Do these usually have corresponding arteries?
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along the subcutaneous tissue; no
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Between arteries and veins, which tend to be more interconnected and have more variable courses?
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veins
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In what three ways are the systemic muscles named?
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by body region transversed, organ served, or bone followed
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The internal carotids supply what percentage of the cerebrum as well as the eye?
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80%
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The internal carotids give off to what arteries? These divide into what other two arteries?
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the ophthalmic arteries; the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
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The ophthalmic arteries separate into what two arteries?
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the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
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The first part of the internal carotid is called the:
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carotid sinus
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The carotid sinus is the site of:
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baroreceptors
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The vertebral artery passes through the _________ ________ and supplies about ___% of the cerebrum's blood.
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foramen magnum, 20%
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