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78 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Subclavian artery turns into the ___________ _________ after it passes the first rib
Axillary artery
The axillary artery gives off Several muscular branches and becomes the __________ _______
Brachial artery
The brachial artery becomes what two arteries?
The ulnar and radial arteries
The radial and ulnar Anastamose in the hand to become the _______ __________
Palmer arches
The internal thoracic artery Branches from the _______ and gives off the ___________ __________ __________
Subclavian, anterior intercostal arteries
The internal thoracic artery is often used for what type of surgery?
Coronary by-pass surgery
The descending aorta gives off the ________ _______ _______ along with branches to the ________, ___________ and the _________
Posterior intercostal arteries, Lungs, esophagus and diaphragm
The common Iliac arteries divide into the ________ and ________ iliacs
Internal and external
The internal iliac supplies the ________, _______, And _________ (pelvic organs)
Bladder, Rectum, And internal reproductive organs
The external iliac turns into the _______ artery after it crosses the ________ _________
Femoral, inguinal ligament
This artery branches off the femoral and supplies most of the thigh muscles
The deep femoral artery
This is the opening the femoral artery passes through before it turns into the ________ _______.
Adductor hiatus, popliteal artery
The popliteal is on which side of the knee cap?
The posterior side
The popliteal artery turns into the __________ and ________ _________ arteries
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
The anterior Tibial artery becomes the ______ _______ ________ on the foot
Dorsalis pedis artery
The anterior tibial artery supplies blood to the?
Anterior muscle compartment of the leg
The posterior tibial artery gives off to the _______ _______
Fibular artery
The fibulas artery supplies blood to the?
Muscles of the lateral leg
The dorsal is pedis and posterior tibial arteries Anastamose In the foot to form the ______ _______
Plantar arch
The dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses are referred to as the _______ _______
Pedal pulses
The ________ _______ _______ or SVC drains everything above the diaphragm except for the ____________ and __________ circulations
superior vena cava ; coronary ; pulmonary
The _______ and _________ ____________ veins unite to form the SVC
right and left brachiocephalic
What comes together to form the brachiocephalic veins?
the internal jugular and subclavian veins
This veins drains everything below the diaphragm and is located on the right side of the heart.
the inferior vena cava
These veins come together to form the IVC.
the common iliac veins
The veins within the brain drain into the ________ _________ which drain into the _________ ________ veins
dural sinuses, internal jugular veins
The ______ _______ veins drain the scalp and face regions.
external jugular
The external jugular veins empty into what vein?
the subclavian vein
The _________ ______ drain into the subclavian veins.
The vertebral veins
The internal jugular veins run alongside the ________ and ________ ________ arteries and join the ______ _______ to form the brachiocephalic veins.
internal and common carotid; subclavian veins
What are the deep veins that run alongside the arteries in the upper limbs and thorax??
the radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins.
The superficial veins in the upper limbs and thorax include:
the cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins
Which side of the upper limb does the cephalic vein run along? What does this vein drain into?
lateral side ; axillary vein
This vein runs along the medial side of the arm. This vein joins the brachial vein to form the ________ vein.
basilic; axillary
This vein connects the basilic and cephalic veins.
the median cubital vein
This vein is often used for drawing blood.
the median cubital vein
The _______ _____ system drains the posterior thoracic wall and empties into the SVC.
azygos vein system
This provides collateral flow between the IVC and SVC in certain situations
the azygos vein system
What are the deep veins of the pelvis and lower limbs? (8)
anterior tibial, fibular, posterior tibial, popliteal, femoral, external iliac, internal iliac, and common iliac
What are the superficial veins of the lower limbs and pelvic region? (2)
the great saphenous, and the small saphenous
This vein runs along the medial side of the lower limb and empties into the femoral vein
the great saphenous
Which vein is used for coronary by-pass grafting and is considered the longest vein in the body?
the great saphenous
This vein runs along the posterior calf and drains into the popliteal vein.
the small saphenous
What does OP stand for?
Colloid osmotic pressure
OP is created by the difference between the _______ _______ of solute particles _____ the capillary versus ______ the capillary
total concentration ; inside ; outside
OP is largely due to large ________ ________, such as albumin, which are unable to pass through the capillary wall
plasma
Is the total concentration of the solute particles higher or lower in the plasma than in the interstitial fluid? In this case, what happens to the capillaries?
higher ; water moves INTO the capillaries
What happens to the HP as it goes from the arterial end to the venous end? What happens to the OP?
HP goes from 35 mm to 17mm. Op stays the same
At the arterial end, the HP is (greater than/less than) the OP, therefore fluid moves (in,out) of the capillary?
greater than; out
At the venous end, the HP is (greater than/less than) the OP, therefore fluid moves (in,out) of the capillary?
less than; into
what is the net loss of fluid from a capillary?
90ml/hr or about 10%
what happens to the fluid that is lost from capillaries?
it is returned to the circulations by the lymphatic system
What is perfusion?
Blood flow through the capillary beds
Define circulatory shock.
Any condition in which there is an inadequate perfusion of the tissues, causing inadequate O2 delivery to meet tissue needs
This type of shock results from a significant loss of blood volume. Give an example of when this would happen.
Hypovolemic shock; Major hemorrhage or severe dehydration.
Hemorrhagic shock is an example of what other type of shock?
Hypovolemic shock
What is a late sign of Hypovolemic shock, and what else does this indicate?
A low bp, this indicates major volume loss
What does decreased blood volume do to the venous return? What about BP, SV, and CO?
All of these decrease
Which output system increases when there is decreased blood volume? What happens when over 30% of the blood is lost?
Sympathetic ; Sympathetic output cannot increase further and BP will fall.
The management of Hypovolemic shock involves:
Volume replacement with isotonic IV fluids
Vascular shock is characterized by:
Normal blood volume, but extreme vasodialtion.
What does a dilation of arterioles do to the peripheral resistance?
Decreases it drastically
What does dilation of the veins do to the venous return?
Decreases it
What does dilation of the arterioles and/or veins do to the blood pressure?
leads to rapid drop - decreases
What is anaphylactic shock caused by?
a severe allergic reaction; histamine is involved
What is neurogenic shock caused by? Give an example of an injury that causes this:
loss of sympathetic vasomotor tone; spinal cord injury
What is septic shock? what happens to the vessels?
shock due to severe bacterial infection; extreme vasodilation
When does cardiogenic shock occur?
when the heart is unable to maintain an adequate cardiac output at rest (<5L/min); due to myocardial damage such as multiple MI's
Which systemic veins return blood to the heart? (3)
the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus
Where do superficial veins run? Do these usually have corresponding arteries?
along the subcutaneous tissue; no
Between arteries and veins, which tend to be more interconnected and have more variable courses?
veins
In what three ways are the systemic muscles named?
by body region transversed, organ served, or bone followed
The internal carotids supply what percentage of the cerebrum as well as the eye?
80%
The internal carotids give off to what arteries? These divide into what other two arteries?
the ophthalmic arteries; the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
The ophthalmic arteries separate into what two arteries?
the anterior and middle cerebral arteries
The first part of the internal carotid is called the:
carotid sinus
The carotid sinus is the site of:
baroreceptors
The vertebral artery passes through the _________ ________ and supplies about ___% of the cerebrum's blood.
foramen magnum, 20%