Ap 2 Ch11 The Americas On The Eve Of Invasion_Scripted

Front 1

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Social

Back 1

•Aztec dominance brought social stratification
•Basic social unit of Aztecs were the capulli(clan), there was also nobilities which developed from elite families within the calpulli
•Incas had similar social structure to the Aztecs
•Other Indian groups in the Americas had less social stratification and were more unified
•Women didn’t have much power in the Inca period, and also during the Inca period there continued to be social stratification

Front 2

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Culture

Back 2

•Human sacrifice became more prominent during the Toltecs and Aztecs rule.
•The Inca were good metallurgists, they lacked a system of writing, used quipus, knotted strings, to record information, and monumental architecture and road building were highly developed among the Andean people.
•In North America there was a large cultural diversity, with over 200 languages spoken, and most Indian groups remained strongly kin-based.

Front 3

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Religion

Back 3

•The Aztecs were polytheistic, had yearly festivals and rituals, human sacrifice dominated Aztec religion, and had a view of history based on a distinctive calendar system
•Inca religion was strongly animistic. Prayers and rituals were offered to holy shrines, or huacas.
•Polytheism was the base of the Americas populations religion prior to European conquests

Front 4

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Interaction

Back 4

•Nomadic invaders destroyed the Toltec capital of Tula around 1150
•Toltec influence may have extended as far north as the American Southwest
•By 1434 the Aztecs were the most powerful partners in a triple alliance linking Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan

Front 5

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Political

Back 5

•Aztecs settled on an island in Lake Texcoco and established their capital of Tenochtitlan. Aztecs were able to emerge as an independent power, were the most powerful partners in a triple alliance linking Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan.
•The Incas built on the cultural traditions of earlier Andean societies, but provided a greater degree of political and cultural centralization
•The capital of the Inca empire was Cuzco
•The Inca empire was divided into four major provinces, each of which was subdivided into local administrative units

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The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Technology

Back 6

•Aztecs created form of agriculture utilizing floating beds and artificial islands, or chinampas
•Lack of machines for grinding forced Aztec women to spend a longer time doing it with their own hands
•Monumental architecture and road building were highly developed among the Andean people
•the Inca did not develop the wheel

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The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Economy

Back 7

•To feed their enormous population, the Aztecs constructed a tribute system, also developed an intensive form of agriculture utilizing floating beds, or chinampas. The state controlled all trade and managed tribute
•Trade and markets were far more developed among the Aztecs than the Incas

Front 8

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion (chap.11)
SCRIPTED: Demography

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•Population density within the Aztec empire and Inca was high
•By 1527 the Inca empire stretched from Colombia to Chile
•Aztec empire mainly focused on the region surrounding a group of lakes in the valley of Mexico