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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Golgi Apparatus
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consists of stacked membranous sacs and is attached to Rough ER
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Lysosomes
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spherical membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes
- can digest ALMOST ALL kinds of biological molecules, and known as the demolition crew ex: get rid of non functional organelles |
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Perixosomes
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membranous sacs that contain a variety of powerful enzymes that help neutralize dangerous substances
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Cytoskeleton
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elaborate series of rods running thr the cytosol that gives structural support to cell
- network of rods act as the cells bone/muscles/ligaments -largest elements are called MICROTUBULES |
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Centrosomes
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location where the microtubles ANCHOR
-location is near nucleus -contain barrel shaped structures call CENTRIOLES (involves in cell division) |
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Cilia
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hairlike structures that help move substances in ONE DIRECTION across cell surfaces
ex: the surfaces of the respiratory tract are lined with cilia to help remove debris |
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Flagella
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hair like structure that helps move
only in sperm and bacteria |
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Interphase
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all time between cell formation and cell division when the cell is carrying out its normal activities and growing
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Mitosis
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series of events where the mother cell duplicates its DNA onto 2 daughter cells
- which have 4 phases call: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Prophase
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longest phase of cell division
-CHROMATINS forms CHROMOSOMES -CENTRIOLES separate and begin to migrate to opposite ends of cell -centrioles forms spindles divide cells, and forms new cytoskeleton |
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Metaphase
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chromosomes cluster in the middle of the cell and spindles continues to form and lengthen
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Anaphase
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shortest phase of cell division
-chromosomes split into daughter chromosomes (identical chromosomes) -cell begins to elongate in shape |
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Telophase
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Chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the dividing cell and regroup to form CHROMATIN
- a new nuclear membrane is formed at each end of the dividing cell around the chromatin, manufactured by ER |
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Cytokenesis
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movement of cytoplasm
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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DNA encodes for TRANSCRIPTS the information necessary to make a specific protein within mRNA
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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delivery of info begins the decoding process of this information within the Ribosome and the info is used to eventually synthesize protein
-difference between mRNA and rRNA are the locations |
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Transter RNA (tRNA)
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once the code is read, amino acids begins to be manufactured and tRNA adds or transfers these amino acid to the growing protein chain.
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NOTES:
All organelle cell proteins are eventually degraded by LYSOSOMES |
NOTES:
the types of proteins within and individual cell determine what the cell will specialize in ex: skin cell, nerve cell, intestinal cell |
