• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/83

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

83 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

ANATOMY

The study of the structure of the body, their forms and organization.

PHYSIOLOGY

The study of the function of the body parts, what they do and how they do it.

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A HUMAN STRUCTURE WITH ITS CORRESPONDING FUNCTIONS

The anatomy of the hand, which is the arrangement of bones, muscles and long jointed fingers allows it to grasp objects.

LIST IN ORDER THE LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION AND AN EXAMPLE OF EACH.

1. Subatomic particles - Electrons, Protons, Neutrons


2. Atom - Hydrogen, Lithium


3. Molecule - Water or glucose molecule


4. Macromolecule - Protein or DNA molecule


5. Organelle - Mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleus


6. Cell - Muscle or nerve cell


7. Tissue - Simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue


8. Organ - Skin, femur, heart, kidney


9. Organ System - Human


10. Organism - Human

SUBATOMIC PARTICLE

Level of Structural Organization: 1


Definition: Smaller particles than an atom.


Example: Electrons, protons or neutrons.


The next level, the atom, is achieved when subatomic particles join together.


MOLECULE

Level of Structural Organization: 3


Definition: Atoms join together to form molecules.


Example: Water or glucose molecule.


The next level, macromolecules, are formed when molecules join together.

MACROMOLECULE

Level of Structural Organization: 4


Definition: Formed when molecules join together.


Example: Protein, DNA macromolecule


The macromolecules form together in large groups to form an organelle.

ORGANELLE

Level of Structural Organization: 5


Definition: Contained in cells, they carry on specific activities and are composed of assemblies of large molecules including proteins, carbs, lipids and nucleic acids.


Example: Mitochondrion, Gogi apparatus, nucleus.


The next level, a cell, is comprised of organelles.

CELL

Level of Structural Organization: 6


Definition: The basic unit of structure and function.


Example: Muscle cell and nerve cell.


Specialized cells assemble into layers or masses that have specific functions, tissue.

TISSUE

Level of Structural Organization: 7


Definition: A group of specialized cells that assemble into layers or masses that have specific functions.


Example: Simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue.


Groups of different tissues form organs.

ORGAN

Level of Structural Organization: 8


Definition: A complex structure with specialized functions.


Example: Skin, femur, heart, kidney


Groups of organs that function closely together make up organ systems.

ORGAN SYSTEM

Level of Structural Organization: 9


Definition: Groups of organs that function closely together.


Example: Integumentary, skeletal, digestive.


Interacting organ systems make up an organism, the human.

ORGANISM

Level of Structural Organization: 10


Definition: Interacting organisms make up an organism.


Example: Human


ATOM

Level of Structural Organization: 2


Definition: Particles in a chemical.


Example: Hydrogen atom, lithium atom.


Atoms join to form molecules.

ANATOMICAL POSITION

Standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward.

5 ENVIRONMENTAL NEEDS FOR LIFE

1. Water.


2. Food.


3. Heat.


4. Oxygen.


5. Pressure.

ANATOMICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE DIAPHRAGM

The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
(RRR, FOOD (4), MCG)

1. Responsiveness.


2. Reproduction.


3. Respiration.


4. Digestion.


5. Absorption.


6. Assimilation.


7. Excretion.


8. Movement.


9. Circulation.


10. Growth.

HOMEOSTASIS

The tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

3 HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISMS

1. Receptor: Senses change in the environment.


2. Control Center: Regulates set-point.


3. Effector: Organ that acts in response to changes.



Example: Maintenance of body temperature at 98.6F/37C

RELATIVE POSITION (LIST 7)

1. Superior = above; Inferior = below.


2. Anterior = front; Posterior = back.


3. Ventral = front; Dorsal =back.


4. Medial = center; Lateral = side.


5. Ipsilateral = same side; Contralateral = other side.


6. Proximal = closer to trunk; Distal = farther from trunk.


7. Superficial = surface; Deep = internal.

SUPERIOR

Above

INFERIOR

Below

ANTERIOR

Front

POSTERIOR

Back

VENTRAL

Front

DORSAL

Back

MEDIAL

Center

LATERAL

Side

IPSILATERAL

Same side

CONTRALATERAL

Opposite side

PROXIMAL

Closer to the trunk

DISTAL

Farther from the trunk

SUPERFICIAL

Surface

DEEP

Internal

SAGITTAL CUT

Divides the body into right and left portions.

MIDSAGITTAL (MEDIAN)

Equal right and left portions.

TRANSVERSE CUT (HORIZONTAL)

Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

CORONAL CUT (FRONTAL)

Divides the body into anterior and superior portions.

11 ORGAN SYSTEMS

1. Integumentary


2. Skeletal.


3. Muscular.


4. Nervous.


5. Endocrine.


6. Cardiovascular. 9. Respiratory.


7. Lymphatic. 10. Urinary


8. Digestive. 11. Reproductive.


ORGANS OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands.

ORGANS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

Bones, ligaments, cartilages.

ORGANS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Muscles

ORGANS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

ORGANS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Glands that secrete hormones (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland and thymus).

ORGANS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins.

ORGANS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen.

ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines.

ORGANS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

ORGANS OF URINARY SYSTEM

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

ORGANS OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Male: Scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis.



Female: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva.

THE CELL MEMBRANE CONTAINS

1. Double layer of phospholipids.


2. Cholesterol.


3. Channel proteins.

THE NUCLEUS CONTAINS

1. Nucleolus.


2. DNA.

THE CYTOPLASM OF A CELL CONTAINS

1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.


2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.


3. Golgi apparatus.


4. Lysosomes.


5. Centrioles.

ATP PRODUCTION OCCURS WHERE?

In the mitochondrion.

MITOCHONDRION

Powerhouse of a cell.


Produces ATP.

GOLGI APPARATUS

xx

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

xx

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

xx

SECRETORY VESICLE OR LYSOSOMES

xx

CENTRIOLES

xx

NUCLEOLUS

xx

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

xx

RIBOSOMES

xx

PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE

xx

NUCLEUS

xx

SOMATIC CELLS DIVIDE BY THE 4-STAGE PROCESS OF _____, WHICH PRODUCES 2 DAUGHTER CELLS FROM AN ORIGINAL CELL. THE NEW CELLS ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, EACH WITH A FULL COMPLEMENT OF 46 CHROMOSOMES.

Mitosis

ENDOCYTOSIS

A type of transport mechanism in which molecules or particles are conveyed by a vesicle into the cell.

Which prefix means "above"?

Hyper-

4 STAGES OF MITOSIS

1. Anaphase.


2. Metaphase.


3. Prophase.


4. Telophase.

IONS USE A PROCESS CALLED _____ TO MOVE DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE.

Facilitated Diffusion. (Since ions are charged, they need a protein channel).

The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is the:

greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

WHICH EVENTS OCCUR DURING PROPHASE?

1. The nucleolus and nucleus disappear.


2. Chromatin coils up into chromosomes, spindle fibers form.

COMPONENTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE

1. Phospholipids.


2. Proteins.


3. Cholesterol.


4. Carbohydrates.

WHAT TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT IS THE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE AIR IN THE LUNGS AND THE BLOOD.

Simple diffusion.

WHERE IS THE NUCLEOLUS FOUND AND WHAT DOES IT PRODUCE?

Nucleus and it produces ribosomes.

IN WHICH PHASE DO THE CENTROMERES SEPARATE AND THE CHROMATIDS MOVE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. THE SPINDLE FIBERS SHORTEN AND PULL THEIR ATTACHED CHROMOSOMES TOWARD CENTRIOLES AT OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CELL.

Anaphase.

DNA REPLICATION OCCURS IN WHAT PHASE OF INTERPHASE?

The S phase.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN CONCENTRATION BETWEEN 2 REGIONS CALLED?

Concentration gradient.

LIST 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF VESICLES

1. Membranous sacs.


2. Contain substances produced by other organelles.


3. Contain substances that have just entered the cell.

WHAT STAGE OF MITOSIS OCCURS WHEN THE CHROMOSOMES UNCOIL TO BECOME CHROMATIN AND THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE REFORMS?

Telophase.

WHAT ARE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CELL MEMBRANE?

1. It facilitates signal transduction.


2. It is selectively permeable.


3. It functions as a boundary for a cell.


4. It enables communication and interaction.


5. It carries out important metabolic reactions.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF GLYCOPROTEIN?

It identifies the cell as being "self" or foreign.