Anxiety Disorders - Spk

Front 1

What are the 5 anxiety disorders

Back 1

Social anxiety disorder
panic disorder
agoraphobia
generalised anxiety disorder
specific phobia

Hint 1

Spags

Front 2

What is the defining characteristic of panic disorder?

Back 2

Panic attacks, and it is criterion A.

Front 3

What is the disorder is most commonly associated with panic disorder?

Back 3

Depression. About one 3rd of people with panic disorders have major depressive disorder before onset. About two thirds 1st experience panic disorder during or after the onset of major depression.

Front 4

Define situationally predisposed panic attacks?

Back 4

Some panic attacks do not fit easily into the distinction between unexpected and expected.

Front 5

How long does a panic attack normally last?

Back 5

20 to 30 minutes and rarely longer than an hour.

Front 6

Panic attack is defined by 4 of the following 13 symptoms…

Back 6

Palpitations
sweating
trembling and shaking
shortness of breath
feelings of choking
chest pain or discomfort
nausea
dizziness or faintness
chills or heat sensations
numbness or tingling sensations
derealisation
depersonalisation
fear of losing control
fear of dying

Front 7

In diagnosing a panic attack should culturally specific symptoms count as one of the 4 required symptoms?

Back 7

No

Front 8

Criterion B for panic disorder requires at least one month of what?

Back 8

Either persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks, or

significant maladaptive change in behaviour related to the attacks in attempts to avoid them.

Front 9

Criterion C for panic disorders requires the ruling out of what?

Back 9

Physiological effects of a substance, or another medical condition.

Front 10

Why might those suffering from panic disorder sometimes be diagnosed with hypochondria?

Back 10

Because they'll present in emergency departments or other medical facilities insisting that they are having a heart attack and are about to die.

Front 11

What is one of the clues that panic like symptoms might actually be caused by another medical condition?

Back 11

The presence of a typical features during panic attacks, such as ataxia, alterations in consciousness, or bladder dyscontrol.
Also if onset is later in life.

Front 12

How might panic disorder and its attacks be differentiated from generalised anxiety disorder?

Back 12

Panic attacks are characterised by their rapid onset and their short duration. In contrast the anxiety associated with generalised anxiety disorder generally emerges and dissipates more slowly

Front 13

When differentiating specific and social phobias from panic disorder it is important to consider what?

Back 13

Whether the client is afraid of having another panic attack or whether they are afraid of the stimulus itself. If they are afraid their exposure to the stimulus will elicit a panic attack, it is more likely to be panic disorder. if they are afraid of the stimulus itself then it is specific or social phobia.

Front 14

what is the name for a fear regarding places from which escape might be difficult?

Back 14

agoraphobia

Front 15

Criterion A for agoraphobia requires fear of 2 of what 5 situations?

Back 15

1 public transport

2 open spaces

3 enclosed spaces

4 crowds or lines

5 outside of the home alone unescorted

(COUPE)

Hint 15

COUPE

Front 16

What is criterion B for agoraphobia?

Back 16

The individual fears or avoids the situations because of thoughts that escape might be difficult in the event of developing panic like symptoms.

Front 17

Criterion C and D for agoraphobia are?

Back 17

That agoraphobic situations are actively avoided or are endured with intense fear anxiety, or require the presence of a companion.

And that agoraphobic situations almost always provoke feel anxiety.

Front 18

What is the duration required for a diagnosis of agoraphobia?

Back 18

6 months

Front 19

Describe the nature of the distress or impairment required for a diagnosis of agoraphobia?

Back 19

The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Front 20

What are the psychiatric differential diagnoses considered in the diagnosis of agoraphobia?

Back 20

Major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
paranoid personality disorder
avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder

Hint 20

3 Pd's and two other major disorders.

Front 21

What disorder often precedes agoraphobia?

Back 21

Panic disorder, when this is treated agoraphobia often improves with time.

Front 22

What are the 7 categories of organic differential diagnosis for panic disorder?

Back 22

Pulmonary diseases, such as asthma
other conditions, such as anaphylaxis or heavy metal poisoning
neurological diseases, such as epilepsy
cardiovascular diseases, such as angina
endocrine diseases, such as diabetes
drug intoxication, such as amphetamines
drug withdrawal, such as alcohol withdrawal
(PONCEDD)

Hint 22

PONCEDD

Front 23

What anxiety disorder is characterised by pattern of frequent, persistent worry and anxiety that is out of proportion to the impact of the event or circumstance that is the focus of the worry?

Back 23

Generalised anxiety disorder

Front 24

The duration requirement for generalised anxiety disorder?

Back 24

6 months, and it needs to have occurred more days than not, in relation to a range of events or activities.

Front 25

What are the 6 symptoms of anxiety or worry in criterion C for generalised anxiety disorder?

Back 25

Restlessness
fatigue
concentrating difficulties
irritability
muscle tension
sleep disturbance
(3 or more must be present for a diagnosis)

Hint 25

firm c's

Front 26

What level of distress is required to meet the threshold for generalised anxiety disorder?

Back 26

Clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning

Front 27

When differentiating generalised anxiety disorder from other anxiety disorders what must the clinician do?

Back 27

Document anxiety or worry related to circumstances or topics that are either unrelated, or any minimally related, to other disorders.

Front 28

Differential diagnoses for panic disorder include?

Back 28

Anxiety disorders including social and specific phobia, PTSD and OCD.

It can be differentiated from generalised anxiety disorder as attacks are characterised by rapid onset and short duration, whilst GAD emerges and dissipates slowly.

Front 29

What anxiety disorder is characterised by pattern of the recurrent panic attacks accompanied by persistent worry and behavioural change?

Back 29

Panic disorder

Front 30

How long after a panic attack must criterion B have been in place a diagnosis of panic disorder?

Back 30

One month of persistent concern or worry about additional attacks or a significant maladaptive change in behaviour related to the attacks, such as avoidance.

Front 31

When should one discard panic disorder in favour of social anxiety disorder?

Back 31

When the panic attacks occur only in response to feared social situations.

Front 32

When should one discard panic disorder in favour of a specific phobia?

Back 32

When the attack is in response to a circumscribed phobic object or situation.

Front 33

When should one discard panic disorder in favour of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Back 33

When the panic attack is in response to obsessions or compulsions.

Front 34

When should one discard panic disorder and favour of PTSD?

Back 34

Attacks in response to reminders of traumatic events.

Front 35

Anxiety disorders in general are characterised by what 2 things?

Back 35

Anxiety and the avoidance behaviours by which people try to ward it off

Front 36

How long must the anxiety, fear or avoidance associated with agoraphobia have been in place before the diagnosis is given?

Back 36

6 months

Front 37

What purpose does the requirement for at least 2 anxiety provoking situations for criteria for agoraphobia serve?

Back 37

Differentiates it from a specific phobia of one particular situation, and also multiple contexts associated with GAD.

Front 38

What dimensions might GAD anxiety be differentiated from normal worry?

Back 38

Intensity, frequency, and focus excessive. And the person finds it difficult to control and the worry needs to be present on most days.

Front 39

What are the three neurotransmitters associated with anxiety?

Back 39

GABA

Noreprinephrine

Seratonin

Front 40

What brain structure is activated during stress and anxiety, and what is the hormone that activates it?

Back 40

HPA axis, and cortisol. It serves to revitalise and replenish energy stores, and increases arousal. It also inhibits digestion and immune system.

Front 41

What neurotransmitter does the efficacy of Benzo's in treating anxiety suggest?

Back 41

GABA

Front 42

What and how are neurotransmitters involved in panic disorder?

Back 42

Seratonergic dysfunction is evident, particularly it's effects on the limbic system and the brainstem.