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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Mild Anxiety
Occurs in normal experience of everyday living, allows person to perceive reality in sharp focus. Person sees, hears, and grasps more info an prob solving becomes more effective
Physical symptoms of mild anxiety
Slight discomfort, restlessness, irritability, mild tension relieving behaviors (nail biting, foot/finger tapping, fidgeting)
Moderate Anxiety
Perceptual field narrows and some details excluded from observation. Sees, hears, grasps less info and may demonstrate selective inattention. Ability to think clearly is hampered, but learning/prob solving can still take place
Selective Inattention
only certain things in environment are seen/heard unless pointed out
Physical symptoms of moderate anxiety
Tension, pounding heart, increased pulse/resp rate, sweating, mild somatic symptoms (gastric discomfort, headache, urinary urgency)
Severe anxiety
Perceptual field is greatly reduced. Person may focus on on detail or many scattered details and have difficulty noticing what is going on in the environment, even when pointed out. Learning/prob solving not possible.
Physical symptoms of severe anxiety
Somatic symptoms (headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia) increase, trembling, pounding heart, hyperventilation, sense of impending doom/dread
Panic
Most extreme level of anxiety. Results in markedly disturbed behavior. Unable to process what in going on in environment and may lose touch with reality
Physical symptoms of panic
Pacing, running, shouting, screaming, withdrawal, hallucinations, false sensory perceptions, and erratic uncoordinated, impulsive physical behavior
Acute panic may lead to _______.
exhaustion
Defense Mechanisms
automatic coping styles that protect people from anxiety and maintain self-image by blocking feelings, conflicts, and memories
Adaptive use of defense mechanisms
helps people lower anxiety to achieve goals in acceptable ways
Maladaptive use of defense mechanisms
occurs when one or several are used in excess, particularly in the overuse of immature defenses
Evaluating whether the use of defense mechanism is adaptive or maladaptive is determined for the most part by ____, ____, and _____.
frequency, intensity, duration
Defense Mechanisms: Compensation
used to make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up short comings r/t these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them
Defense Mechanisms: Conversion
unconcious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause. Often the symptom functions to gain attention or as an excuse.
Defense Mechanisms: Denial
involves escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence.
Defense Mechanisms: Displacement
the transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object or situation
Defense Mechanisms: Dissociation
disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. May result in a seperation between feeling and thought. Can also manifest itself in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself
Defense Mechanisms: Identification
attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group. This may be done consciously or unconsciously.
Defense Mechanisms: Intellectualization
process in which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feelin and emotion into the processing
Defense Mechanisms: Introjection
process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a person's view of the self
Defense Mechanisms: Projection
refers to the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to other people, objects or situations. "What you say is what you are."
Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization
consists of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener
Defense Mechanisms: Reaction formation
when acceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion
Defense Mechanisms: Regression
reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior that may or may not have been previously exhibited
Defense Mechanisms: Repression
first-line psychological defense against anxiety. The temp or long-term exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness. This happens at the unconscious level
Defense Mechanisms: Splitting
inability to integrate the pos and neg qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image. Aspects of the self and of others tend to alternate between opp poles; for ex., either good, loving, worthy, and nurturing or bad, hateful, destructive, rejecting, and worthless
Defense Mechanisms: Sublimation
unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive, and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, and unacceptable impulses. Often these impulses are sexual or aggresive. Use of this is always constructive
Defense Mechanisms: Suppression
the conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling. Putting off something until later
Defense Mechanisms: Undoing
most commonly seen in children. When a person makes up for an act or communication.
Key feature of panic disorder (PD)
panic attacks
Panic attack
sudden onset of extreme apprehension/fear, usually associated with feelings of impending doom. Palpitations, chest pain, breathing difficulties, nausea, feelings of choking, chills/hot flashes. Typically "out of the blue"
DSM Criteria for Panic Disorder
1. Both A and B
A. Reccurent episodes of panic attacks
B. At least on of the attacks has been followed by 1 month+ of the following:
-1. Persistent concern about having add. attacks
-2. Worry about consequences
-3. Sig. behavior change
2. A. Absence of agoraphobia
B. Presence of agoraphobia
Agoraphobia
intense, excessive anxiety/fear about being in places/situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrasing or in which help might not be available if panic attack occurred
Simple agoraphobia
Agoraphobia without a hx of PD. Over time, agoraphobia with panic attacks usually develops.
Phobia
persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a desire for avoidance, of the object, activity, or situation
Specific phobias
characterized by the experience of high levels of anxiety or fear in response to specific objects or situations, such as dogs, spiders, heights, water, blood, closed spaces, tunnels, bridges
Social phobia
characterized by severe anxiety or fear provoked by exposure to a social or a performance situation (saying something stupid in public, not able to answer quest. in class, eating in public, etc) Public speaking most common
DSM Criteria for Phobias
1. Irrational fear of an object or situation that persists although the person may recognize it as unreasonable
2. Types include agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia
3. Anxiety is sever if the obj, situation, or activity cannot be avoided
DSM Criteria for OCD
1. Either O's or C's
A. Preoccupation with persistent intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images (O's) OR
B. Repetitive behaviors/mental acts that person feels driven to perform to reduce distress or prevent dreaded event/situation
2. Person knows Os and Cs are excessive/unreasonable
3. The Os/Cs can cause increased distress and is time consuming
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
characterized by excessive anxiety/worry about numerous things, lasting for 6 months or longer
Symptoms of GAD
Restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, tension, sleep disturbance