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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mild Anxiety
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Occurs in normal experience of everyday living, allows person to perceive reality in sharp focus. Person sees, hears, and grasps more info an prob solving becomes more effective
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Physical symptoms of mild anxiety
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Slight discomfort, restlessness, irritability, mild tension relieving behaviors (nail biting, foot/finger tapping, fidgeting)
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Moderate Anxiety
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Perceptual field narrows and some details excluded from observation. Sees, hears, grasps less info and may demonstrate selective inattention. Ability to think clearly is hampered, but learning/prob solving can still take place
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Selective Inattention
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only certain things in environment are seen/heard unless pointed out
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Physical symptoms of moderate anxiety
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Tension, pounding heart, increased pulse/resp rate, sweating, mild somatic symptoms (gastric discomfort, headache, urinary urgency)
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Severe anxiety
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Perceptual field is greatly reduced. Person may focus on on detail or many scattered details and have difficulty noticing what is going on in the environment, even when pointed out. Learning/prob solving not possible.
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Physical symptoms of severe anxiety
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Somatic symptoms (headache, nausea, dizziness, insomnia) increase, trembling, pounding heart, hyperventilation, sense of impending doom/dread
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Panic
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Most extreme level of anxiety. Results in markedly disturbed behavior. Unable to process what in going on in environment and may lose touch with reality
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Physical symptoms of panic
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Pacing, running, shouting, screaming, withdrawal, hallucinations, false sensory perceptions, and erratic uncoordinated, impulsive physical behavior
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Acute panic may lead to _______.
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exhaustion
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Defense Mechanisms
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automatic coping styles that protect people from anxiety and maintain self-image by blocking feelings, conflicts, and memories
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Adaptive use of defense mechanisms
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helps people lower anxiety to achieve goals in acceptable ways
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Maladaptive use of defense mechanisms
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occurs when one or several are used in excess, particularly in the overuse of immature defenses
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Evaluating whether the use of defense mechanism is adaptive or maladaptive is determined for the most part by ____, ____, and _____.
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frequency, intensity, duration
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Defense Mechanisms: Compensation
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used to make up for perceived deficiencies and cover up short comings r/t these deficiencies to protect the conscious mind from recognizing them
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Defense Mechanisms: Conversion
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unconcious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause. Often the symptom functions to gain attention or as an excuse.
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Defense Mechanisms: Denial
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involves escaping unpleasant, anxiety-causing thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring their existence.
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Defense Mechanisms: Displacement
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the transference of emotions associated with a particular person, object, or situation to another nonthreatening person, object or situation
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Defense Mechanisms: Dissociation
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disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. May result in a seperation between feeling and thought. Can also manifest itself in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself
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Defense Mechanisms: Identification
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attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group. This may be done consciously or unconsciously.
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Defense Mechanisms: Intellectualization
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process in which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feelin and emotion into the processing
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Defense Mechanisms: Introjection
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process by which the outside world is incorporated or absorbed into a person's view of the self
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Defense Mechanisms: Projection
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refers to the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable features and attributing them to other people, objects or situations. "What you say is what you are."
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Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization
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consists of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener
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Defense Mechanisms: Reaction formation
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when acceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion
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Defense Mechanisms: Regression
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reverting to an earlier, more primitive and childlike pattern of behavior that may or may not have been previously exhibited
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Defense Mechanisms: Repression
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first-line psychological defense against anxiety. The temp or long-term exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness. This happens at the unconscious level
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Defense Mechanisms: Splitting
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inability to integrate the pos and neg qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image. Aspects of the self and of others tend to alternate between opp poles; for ex., either good, loving, worthy, and nurturing or bad, hateful, destructive, rejecting, and worthless
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Defense Mechanisms: Sublimation
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unconscious process of substituting mature, constructive, and socially acceptable activity for immature, destructive, and unacceptable impulses. Often these impulses are sexual or aggresive. Use of this is always constructive
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Defense Mechanisms: Suppression
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the conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling. Putting off something until later
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Defense Mechanisms: Undoing
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most commonly seen in children. When a person makes up for an act or communication.
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Key feature of panic disorder (PD)
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panic attacks
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Panic attack
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sudden onset of extreme apprehension/fear, usually associated with feelings of impending doom. Palpitations, chest pain, breathing difficulties, nausea, feelings of choking, chills/hot flashes. Typically "out of the blue"
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DSM Criteria for Panic Disorder
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1. Both A and B
A. Reccurent episodes of panic attacks B. At least on of the attacks has been followed by 1 month+ of the following: -1. Persistent concern about having add. attacks -2. Worry about consequences -3. Sig. behavior change 2. A. Absence of agoraphobia B. Presence of agoraphobia |
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Agoraphobia
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intense, excessive anxiety/fear about being in places/situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrasing or in which help might not be available if panic attack occurred
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Simple agoraphobia
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Agoraphobia without a hx of PD. Over time, agoraphobia with panic attacks usually develops.
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Phobia
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persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to a desire for avoidance, of the object, activity, or situation
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Specific phobias
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characterized by the experience of high levels of anxiety or fear in response to specific objects or situations, such as dogs, spiders, heights, water, blood, closed spaces, tunnels, bridges
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Social phobia
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characterized by severe anxiety or fear provoked by exposure to a social or a performance situation (saying something stupid in public, not able to answer quest. in class, eating in public, etc) Public speaking most common
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DSM Criteria for Phobias
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1. Irrational fear of an object or situation that persists although the person may recognize it as unreasonable
2. Types include agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia 3. Anxiety is sever if the obj, situation, or activity cannot be avoided |
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DSM Criteria for OCD
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1. Either O's or C's
A. Preoccupation with persistent intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images (O's) OR B. Repetitive behaviors/mental acts that person feels driven to perform to reduce distress or prevent dreaded event/situation 2. Person knows Os and Cs are excessive/unreasonable 3. The Os/Cs can cause increased distress and is time consuming |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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characterized by excessive anxiety/worry about numerous things, lasting for 6 months or longer
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Symptoms of GAD
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Restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, tension, sleep disturbance
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