Antro Final

Front 1

power

Back 1

the ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own wants or wishes

Front 2

political organization

Back 2

the way power is distributed and embedded in society; the means through which a society creates and maintains social order and reduces social disorder

Front 3

band

Back 3

a relatively small and loosely organized kin-ordered group that inhabits a specific territory and that may split periodically into smaller extended family groups that are politically independent

Front 4

tribe

Back 4

refers to a range of kin-ordered groups that are politically integrated by some unifying factor and whose members share a common ancestry, identity, culture, language and territory

Front 5

chiefdom

Back 5

a regional polity in which two or more local groups are organized under a single chief, who is at the head of a ranked hierarchy of people

Front 6

state

Back 6

a centralized political system that has the capacity and authority to make laws and use force to maintain social order

Front 7

nation

Back 7

a people who share a collective identity based on a common culture, language, territorial base and history

Front 8

legitimacy

Back 8

the right of political leaders to govern--to hold, use, and allocate power--based on the values a particular society holds

Front 9

cultural control

Back 9

control through beliefs and values deeply internalized in the minds of individuals

Front 10

social control

Back 10

external control through open coercion

Front 11

sanctions

Back 11

externalized social controls designed to encourage conformity to social norms

Front 12

law

Back 12

formal rules of conduct that, when violated, lead to negative sanctions

Front 13

negotiation

Back 13

the use of direct argument and compromise by the parties to a dispute to arrive voluntarily at a mutually satisfactory agreement

Front 14

mediation

Back 14

settlement of a dispute through negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party

Front 15

adjudication

Back 15

mediation with an unbiased third party making the ultimated decision

Front 16

world view

Back 16

the collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality

Front 17

religion

Back 17

an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere of the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence aspects of the universe otherwise beyond their control

Front 18

spirituality

Back 18

concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters.

Front 19

polytheism

Back 19

belief in several gods and/or goddesses

Front 20

pantheon

Back 20

the several gods and goddesses of a people

Front 21

animism

Back 21

a belief that nature is enlivened or energized by distinct personalized spirit beings separable from bodies

Front 22

animatism

Back 22

a belief that nature is enlivened or energized by an impersonal spiritual or supernatural potency

Front 23

priest or priestess

Back 23

a full-time religuous specialist formally recognized for his or her role in guiding the religious practices of others and for contacting and influencing supernatural powers

Front 24

shaman

Back 24

a person who enters and altered state of consciousness--at will--to contact and utilize an ordinarily hidden reality in order to acquire knowledge, power, and to help others

Front 25

rites of passage

Back 25

rituals that mark important stages in an individual's life cycle, such as birth, marriage, and death

Front 26

separation

Back 26

in rites of passage, the ritual removal of the individual from society

Front 27

transition

Back 27

in rites of passage, isolation of the individual following separation and prior to incorporation into society

Front 28

incorporation

Back 28

in rites of passage, incorporation of the individual into society in his or her new status

Front 29

imitative magic

Back 29

magic based on the principle that like produces like; sometimes called sympathetic magic

Front 30

contagious magic

Back 30

magic based on the principle that things once in contact influence each other after the contact is broken

Front 31

witchcraft

Back 31

an explanation of events based on the belief that certain individuals possess an innate psychic power capable of causing harm, including sickness and death

Front 32

revitalization movements

Back 32

movements for radical cultural reform in response to widespread social disruption and collective feelings of anxiety and despair

Front 33

cargo cults

Back 33

spiritual movements in reaction to disruptive contact with Western capitalism, promising resurrection of deceased relatives, destruction or enslavement of European foreigners, and the magical arrival of utopian riches

Front 34

art

Back 34

the creative use of the human imagination to symbolically interpret, express and enjoy life

Front 35

myth

Back 35

a sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence--where we and everything in our world came from why we are here and where we are going

Front 36

legend

Back 36

a story about a memorable event or figure handed down by tradition and told as true but without historical evidence

Front 37

ethnomusicology

Back 37

the study of society's music in terms of its cultural setting

Front 38

tonality

Back 38

in music, scale systems and their modifications

Front 39

art

Back 39

forms of creative expression that are guided by aesthetic principles and involve imagination, skill, and style

Front 40

crafts

Back 40

the application of aesthetic principles to the production of utilitarian objects and activities

Front 41

anime

Back 41

animation, as in the popular culture of Japan, usually refers to animation of manga, or comic book graphic art

Front 42

world music

Back 42

a musical fusion form, based on local musical traditions, that incorporates music from cultures throughout the world

Front 43

deep play

Back 43

performances (like sports) that are expressive forms of culture with functions similar to the other arts

Front 44

bhangra

Back 44

a musical from originating in the folk music of Punjab in Northern India and Eastern Pakistan that is mixing with British pop music and reggae to become a popular form of world music

Front 45

ledger drawings

Back 45

drawings, in ledger books, made by some Native American peoples to record personal and historical events

Front 46

body art

Back 46

marking and adorning the body as an expression of cultural and personal identity, or which serves other functions

Front 47

orientalism

Back 47

scholarship and art generated by Europeans focusing on the Middle East

Front 48

"primitive" art

Back 48

the term used by the Western art world for the art of non-Western, "tribal" societies