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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemotherapeutic agent |
chemical used to treat disease |
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Antimicrobial agent |
drug used to treat infectious disease |
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Antibiotic |
chemical produced by a microbe that inhibits or destroys other microbes |
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Synthetic drug |
drug made in laboratory |
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Semisynthetic drug |
chemically altered antibiotic, has been altered in lab |
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Selective toxicity |
drug must harm the microbe without damaging the host. |
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Spectrum of activity |
range of microbes against which the drug is active |
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Broad spectrum of activirty |
active against a wide variety of microbes or effective against organisms in many taxonomic groups |
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narrow spectrum of activity |
agents effective against a limited array of organisms or active against only one taxonomic groups |
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What is Inhibition of cell wall synthesis? Give an example of a antibacterial agent... |
-drugs that prevent the synthesis of PG in growing cells -PCN - targets G+ cocci, made from mold penicillium |
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Inhibitors of protein synthesis give example of drug used |
-made to target 70S ribosomes, no effect on 80S -ex. tetracycline - broad spectrum |
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Inhibitors of Nucleic acid synthesis give example of drug |
-drugs which function to block DNA or RNA synthesis -ex. ciproflaxin |
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Disruption of cell membranes give drug ex. |
-drugs tend to be toxic -ex. polymixins - narrow spectrum |
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Antimetabolites give ex. of drug |
-drugs that inhibit synthesis of essential metabolites -ex. Sulfa drugs - synthetic |
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Viral synthesis inhibitors give ex |
-drugs that mimic chemical structure of nucleotides -ex. acyclovir - for HIV |
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Antiprotozoan drugs |
-protozoa are eukaryotes so the drugs used to treat them have toxic side effects -ex. metronidazole - used to treat girardia lamblia |
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Antifungal drugs |
-ex. fluconazole - used for yeast infections -fungi are eukaryotes, can cause toxic effects |
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What is drug resistance |
means that the resistant microbe can tolerate an antibiotic which previously would have destroyed it or inhibited its growth. |
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MRSA |
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus |
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VRE |
vancomycin resistant enterococci |
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4 factors that lead to drug resistance |
1. inappropriate use of drugs 2. Non compliance 3. agricultural use 4. hospital use |
