Antivirals (Bbd Exam Ii)

Front 1

What are the available Antiviral drugs that treat RNA Viruses?

Back 1

1. Amantadine/Rimantadine (INFLUENZA A ONLY)
2. Zanamivir/Oseltamivir (BOTH FLU A AND B)

Front 2

What are the available Antiviral drugs that treat DNA Viruses?

Back 2

1. Acyclovir (HSV, VZV, EBV)
2. Valacyclovir/Famciclovir (Acyclovir "knockoffs" - treat HSV, VZV)
3. Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir (first for CMV... also treats HSV, VZV)
4. Foscarnet (CMV, HSV, VZV)

Front 3

What Antivirals treat HIV?

Back 3

1. 12 REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
2. 10 PROTEASE INHIBITORS
3. 1 INTEGRASE INHIBITOR
4. 2 ENTRY INHIBITORS

Front 4

Amantadine/Rimantidine
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism)

Back 4

1. Oral
2. Renal excretion
3. CNS Toxicity, Teratogenic
4. Influenza A
5. Inhibits viral uncoating and increase of lysosomal pH

**resistance with protein M2 (flu B doesn't have M2)**

Front 5

Neuriminidase Inhibitors - ZANAMIVIR/OSELTAMIVIR
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism)

Back 5

1. Zanamivir (inhaled), Oseltamivir (tamiflu - oral)
2. Liver?
3. Bronchospasms - no use with COPD/eczema
4. Influenza A and B
5. Blocks release of new virions from infected cells by inhibiting removal of sialic acid from surface glycoproteins

Front 6

Acyclovir
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism)

Back 6

1. IV or Oral
2. Renal Excretion
3. RENAL CRYSTALLIZATION, Encephalopathy
4. HSV, VZV, EBV
5. TK - Triphosphate inhibits viral DNA polymerase (resistance mechanism)

Front 7

Valacyclovir (Valtrex) and Famciclovir (Famvir)
(Route and general information)

Back 7

1. Oral prodrugs
2. Treat VZV and HSV if taken very early
3. Better absorption than IV Acyclovir

Front 8

Gancyclovir
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism)

Back 8

1. IV for therapy/ Oral for prophylaxis
2. Renal Excretion
3. VERY TOXIC - neutropenia often limiting
4. CMV
5. Triphosphate inhibits viral DNA polymerase

**valganciclovir gives same levels and is ORAL**

Front 9

Foscarnet
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism)

Back 9

1. IV only
2. Renal Excretion
3. NEPHROTOXIC
4. CMV retinitis, and resistant HSV, VZV
5. Pyrophosphate analogue

Front 10

What are the THERAPIES FOR HERPES VIRUSES?

Back 10

1. HSV, VZV - Acyclovir, Foscarnet
2. CMV - Ganciclovir, Foscarnet

Front 11

AZT
(Route, excretion, toxicities, clinical uses, mechanism)

Back 11

1. Oral or IV
2. Renal Excretion
3. FATAL LACTIC ACIDOSIS, STEATOSIS, Granulocyotpenia, myopathy
4. HIV
5. Phosphorylated by host enzymes, inhibits viral DNA pol, chain terminator

**lowers perinatal transmission of HIV**

Front 12

Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitors
(mechanism, resistance, clinical use)

Back 12

1. Blocks different site on enzyme than that of Nucleoside RT inhibitors do
2. Rapid resistance with monotherapy
3. Prevents perinatal transmission of HIV

Front 13

Protease Inhibitors
(Mechanism, Clinical use, toxicities)

Back 13

1. Block virion maturation
2. HIV
3. Drug interactions p450, lipodystrophy

Front 14

Integrase Inhibitors
(Mechanism, example, clinical use)

Back 14

1. Preventing DNA splicing into host genome by STRAND TRANSFER INHIBITORS)
2. Raltegravir
3. HIV

Front 15

Entry Inhibitors
(2 types, examples)

Back 15

1. Fusion Inhibitors - Enfuvirtide
2. Corerecptor antagonists - Maraviroc

Front 16

List the Pathogenic Human DNA Viruses...

Back 16

1. Hepadnovirus
2. Herpesvirus
3. Adenovirus
4. Papovirus
5. Parvovirus
6. Poxvirus

Front 17

List the Pathogenic Human RNA Viruses...

Back 17

1. Paramyxovirus
2. Reovirus
3. Orthomyxovirus
4. Picornavirus
5. Calicivirus
6. Coronavirus
7. Rhabdovirus
8. Arenavirus
9. Retrovirus
10. Togavirus
11. Flavavirus
12. Bunyavirus