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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
-most anti viral drugs are pro drugs what does this mean?
-what do these drugs resemble?
Many Anti viral drugs are anti metabolites that resemble the structure of naturally occurring purine and pyrimidine bases or their nucleoside forms.


Anti metabolites are usually pro-drugs requiring metabolic activation by host cells or viral enzymes, such bioactivation involves phosphorylation reactions catalyzed by Kinases.
Rx of respiratory viral infections:
caused by influenza types A and B, RSV?
Amantadine
Rimantadine
Ribavirin (also used for HAV, HCV inf)
Zanamivir
Oseltamivir
Rx of HSV and CMV, VZV :
Acyclovir, Valcyclovir *
Famciclovir, Penciclovir
Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir *
Foscarnet
Fomivirsen
Trifluridine, Idoxuridine
Vidarabine
Docosanol
Cidofovir *
Drugs used for hepatitis
Interferon alpha
Adefovir (is an orally-administered nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, an enzyme that is crucial for the hepatitis B virus replication. The main benefit of adefovir over lamivudine is that it takes a much longer period of time before the virus develops resistance to it)
Lamivudine

Ribavirin (Rx of HAV and HCV infections)
S/E Adefovir
Nephrotoxicity, Lactic acidosis, severe
hepatomegaly with steatosis)
Rx of HIV infections
*1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs):*
Zidovudine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Didanosine
Zalcitabine

2. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
Tenofovir
Abacavir


3. Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs):
Nevirapine
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
4. HIV protease inhibitors :
Indinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Nelfinavir
Amprenavir
Lopinavir


5. fusion inhibitors :
Enfuvirtide : Inhibitor of fusion of HIV-1 with CD4 cells. It binds to gp 41 subunit and prevents the conformational changes required for fusion. S/E : Local inj. Site reaction, Bacterial pneumonia, hypersensitivity.
Amantadine
Rimantadine MOA:
Block viral penetration or uncoating
MOA
Acyclovir
Gancyclovir
Foscarnet
Inhibit Viral DNA polymerases
MOA
Foscarnet
Ribavirin
nhibit Viral RNA polymerases
MOA
Zidovudine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Zalcitabine
Didanosine
Nevirapine
Inhibit Viral Reverse Transcriptase
MOA
Indinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Nelfinavir
Inhibit Viral Aspartate protease
MOA
.Zanamivir
Oseltamivir
Inhibit Viral Neuraminidase
Rx of HIV infections
*1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs):*
Zidovudine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Didanosine
Zalcitabine

2. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
Tenofovir
Abacavir


3. Non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs):
Nevirapine
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
4. HIV protease inhibitors :
Indinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Nelfinavir
Amprenavir
Lopinavir


5. fusion inhibitors :
Enfuvirtide : Inhibitor of fusion of HIV-1 with CD4 cells. It binds to gp 41 subunit and prevents the conformational changes required for fusion. S/E : Local inj. Site reaction, Bacterial pneumonia, hypersensitivity.
Amantadine
Rimantadine MOA:
Block viral penetration or uncoating
MOA
Acyclovir
Gancyclovir
Foscarnet
Inhibit Viral DNA polymerases
MOA
Foscarnet
Ribavirin
nhibit Viral RNA polymerases
MOA
Zidovudine
Stavudine
Lamivudine
Zalcitabine
Didanosine
Nevirapine
Inhibit Viral Reverse Transcriptase