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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isoniazid Trade Name (INH,Nydrazid,Isotamine) |
(Antitubercular) Uses: To treat tuberculosis, prophylactic measure against TB Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
SE: Drowsiness,tremors, rash,blurred vision,photosensitivity,tinnitus,dizziness,N&V,dry mouth,constipation AR: Psychotic behavior,peripheral neuropathy,Vit B6 deficiency,HYPERglycemia, Life Threatening: Blood dyscrasias, seizures, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hepatotoxicity
Contraindications: Severe renal or hepatic disease, alcoholism, diabetic retinopathy.
Increase effect with alcohol, rifampin,cycloserine, and phenytoin; decreases GI. LAB: Increase AST,ALT,Bilirubin
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Fluconazole (DIflucan) |
(Antifungal) Use: To treat Canidida infections and cryptococcal meningitis. Increase permeability of the fungal cell membrane.
SE: Anorexia, NV, D(large doses), stomach cramps,rash headace. Vaginal-rash,burning sensation
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Lab-Food- Increase PT when taking warfarin, increase HYPOglycemia when taken with oral sulfonylureas, increase phenytoin, cyclosporin,and haloperidol levels,decreases fluconazole level with cimetidine and rifampin. |
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Tuberculosis |
Caused by acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. freq called tubercle bacillus.
Transported by droplets dispersed in the air through coughing and sneezing.
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Rifampim |
Turns body fluids orange |
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Pyrazinamide |
… |
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Opportunistic infections |
usually occur in immunocompromised or debilitated population (cancer or aids pt's) or those taking antibiotics,corticosteroids,chemotherapy,or other immunosuppressives. |
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Antifungal drugs
(antimycotic) |
used to treat fungal infections. they are usually fungistatic or fungicidal depending upon the susceptibility of the fungus and the dosage. |
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Groups of Antifungals |
Polyenes Azoles Antimetabolites Echinocandins Antiprotozoals |
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Amphotercin B |
Use: severe systematic infection, used with close supervision due to toxicity.
Action: bind to fungal cell membrane and form open channels that increase cell permeability and leakage of intracellular components, esp. potassium
IV admin-because it does not absorb from GI tract
SE: flush, fever, chills, n&v, hypotension, paresthesias, and thrombophlebitis.
Highly toxic can cause nephrotoxicity and electrolyte imbalance, esp. hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. (low serum potassium and low magnesium levels)
Labs: Monitor urinary output, BUN, and serum creatinine levels.
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Nystatin (Mycostatin) |
Used: treat candida infection, admin orally or topically. Most common form is oral candida for mouth. Swiss and swallow.
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Azole Group Ketoconazole Fluconazole itraconazole |
Used to treat systematic fungal infections. can be taken orally.
Many are used in topical preparations to treat candidiasis and the tine infections. |
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Metronidazole (Flagyl)
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Action:impair DNA fx of susceptible bacteria.
Use: treat various disorders assoc. with organisms in GI…i.e intestinal amebiasis, trichomoniasis,IBD,anaerobic infections, and bacterial vaginosis. used as prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.
Pt should avoid alcohol and meds containing alcohol for 48 hrs after treatment is completed.
Drug Interaction: disulfiram rx (facial flushing, severe headache, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, dyspnea, sweating, slurred speech, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting)
SE/AR: dizziness,headache, confusion,depression, irritability,weakness, and insomnia. pt on high doses may develop dark or reddish brown urine. Dry mouth, metallic or bitter taste, and GI distress may occur. Paresthesias. nasal congestion, decreased libido, dysuria, incontinence, and ECG changes may develop. |
