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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathways of CNS dopaminergic systems (3) |
Pathways: A - mesolimbic (mid brain to limbic system) B - Mesocortical (midbrain to neocortex) C - Nigrostriatal (substantia nigra to striatum) |
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Causes of psychosis (6) |
Causes: A - Schizophrenia B - Rage issues C - personality disorders D - non-schizophrenic paranoia E - OCD F - drug induced (too much DA action) |
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Schizophrenia: statistics (4) and general issues |
statistics: A - loss of appreciation of reality B - affects 1% of adults C - male symptoms are early 20s female symptoms are early 30s D - genetic component as first degree relatives have 10% chance and identical twins have 50% Issues: A - patients either don't believe they have a problem or after their symptoms leave they quit taking meds |
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Schizophrenia: positive (4) and negative (4) signs |
Positive signs: exaggeration of normal activity A - parania B - Delusions C - hallucinations D - Word salad Negative signs: reduction of normal activity A - Emotionally blunted B - 'going crazy' C - catatonic D - socially withdrawn |
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Schizophrenia causes (5) |
Causes: A - no direct evidence of abnormality or DA receptor profile B - latency of effects of drugs suggests different mechanisms C - Combating positive signs: thought to be excessive DA release from neurons of mesolimbic pathway. DA2 antagonists work here D - Combating negative signs: thought to be insufficient release of DA from neurons in mesocortical pathway. DA3,4 antagonist and 5HTa1,a2 agonists work here. E - In general interference with DA or 5HT transmission alleviates the signs, but doesn't 'cure' anything |
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Antipsychotic drugs: typical antipsychotics (3), mechanism (1), side effects (6), and other uses (3) |
antipshychotics: A - Chlorpromazine B - Haloperidol C - thioridazine Mechanism: DA2 antagonist - affect positive signs only. Side effects: A - sedation (inhibit normal movement) B - produce abnormal movements C - a1 adrenoreceptor antagonist effect (orthostatic hypotension) D - Muscarinic antagonist effect (atropine-like, dry mouth, tachycardia) E - DAergic transmission effect (endocrine disorders like hyperprolactinemia and male breast growth caused by hypothalamus anterior pathway issue increasing prolactin levels) F - DAergic transmission effect (extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE) which include ; acute dystonia (muscle spasms), akathisia (fidgeting), irreversible tardive dyskinesia, parkinsons disease-like signs Other uses: A - antiemetic B - improved motor control in Parkinsons C - Alzheimer's disease |
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Antipsychotic drugs: atypical antipsychotics (2) types and side effects |
Atypical Type 1: DA2 or DA4 antagonist 5HT2, M, H1 antagonist A - Olanzepine B - Resperidone C - Quetiapine Affects positive and negative signs and doesn't inhibit normal or produce abnormal movements. Still sedative Atypical Type 2: DA2, 5HT1a partial agonist 5HT2a antagonist A - Arpiprazole Affects positive and negative signs and doesn't inhibit normal or produce abnormal movements. Not sedative. still being evaluated Side effects: A - bone marrow toxicity B - hypotension C - hyperglycemia D - Weight gain |
