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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 parameters for methods of approach
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1. cell cycle characteristics
2. biochemical pathways 3. modification of cellular macromolecules 4. perturbations of cell functions |
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What are cell cycle specific drugs?
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antimetabolites, bleomycin peptide antibiotics, podophyllin alkaloids, plant alkaloids
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What are cell cycle-nonspecific drugs?
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alkylating agents, antibiotics, cisplatin, nitrosoureas. Affect both non-cycling and cycling cells
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What is Gompertzian growth
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linear at first, flattens off and achieves steady state, growth fraction declines, older cells become separated from circulation and nutrient supply, they die off
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what does uppermost curve represent
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treatment given infrequently
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What does middle curve demonstrate
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demonstrated alternative approach, combination chemotherapy, tumor cell kill exceeds regrowth, drug resistance does not develop and cure results
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bottom curve
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surgery or radiation feasible to remove the primary tumor, smaller number of cells to kill
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uppermost curve
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result manifested in prolongation of survival, recurrence of symptoms between therapies and eventually fatality
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What is the Log Kill/Skipper Hypothesis?
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repetitive treatment with the same drug or radiation will not kill an equal number but instead an equal fraction of cells
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What is Gompertzian growth?
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linear at first, flattens off, achieve steady state, growth fraction declines, older cells become separate from circulation and nutrient supply --> cells die off
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10^9 cells
10^12 cells |
10^9 cells = detection/symptoms
10^12 cells= fatal |
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which cell cycle non-specific agent causes acute effects in hours, chronic in weeks, months, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, teratogenicity, is carcinogenic?
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alkylating and cross-linking agents
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which cell cycle non-specific agents work by binding to DNA and topoisomerase II?
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daunorubucin, doxorubicin
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which cell cycle non-specific agents can cause cardiomyopathy?
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daunorubucin, doxorubicin
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which cell cycle non-specific agent works by intercalating into the double helix, blocks transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase and is used for childhood neoplasms, soft tissue sarcomas, and inhibit immune response in renal transplants?
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actinomycin D
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is used for treatment of breast cancer but may cause endometriosis, depression or diziness?
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tamoxifen
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is an enzyme that decreases asparagines and is used in treatment of leukemia?
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asparaginase
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is used for treatment of carcinoma of ovary and testes but has side effects of hearing loss, neuropathy, renal toxicity?
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cisplatin
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is used as an alternate for cisplatin and has lesser side effects?
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carboplatin
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is used for treatment of promyelocytic leukemia and has side effects of hyperglycemia, neuropathy, fatigue, muscle pain?
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arsenic trioxide
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is used in combination with x-ray therapy to decrease edema related to tumors in the brain and spinal cord, and can result in Cushing's syndrome-like symptoms?
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dexamethasone/prednisone
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which cell cycle non-specific agent is used in treatment of germ cell tumors of testes and ovaries and has a side effect of pulmonary fibrosis, fever, cutaneous toxicities, stomatis, and myelosuppression?
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bleomycins
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Which specific cell cycle agent is used for treatment of colon cancer?
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5-flurouracil
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Which specific cell cycle agent is used for acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogeneous leukemia, choriocarcinoma, lung cancer?
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methotrexate
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Which specific cell cycle agent is used for leukemia?
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6-mercaptopurine =kids
6-thioguanine =adults allopurinol =gout |
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Which specific cell cycle agent inhibits xanthine oxidase from degrading purine analogues?
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allopurinol
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Which specific cell cycle agent is s phase specific, requires vigorous protocol for administration, and causes severe myelosuppression?
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cytarabine
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Which specific cell cycle agent enhances tubulin polymerization, leading to mitotic arrest and cell death, and is used for treatment of ovarian and advanced breast cancers and prostate cancer
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palcitaxel
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Which specific cell cycle agent causes mitotic arrest at metaphase, and is used for systemic Hodgkins?
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vinblastine
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Which specific cell cycle agent causes mitotic arrest at metaphase, and is used in a combo with prednisone in acute leukemia in children?
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vincristine
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what are mechanisms of resistance?
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gene amplification
alteration in protein structure decreased enzyme activity p-glycoprotein alteration DNA repair |
