Antimicrobials

Front 1

new infection that develops during the course of treating a primary infection

Back 1

suprainfection (superinfectoin)

Front 2

Antimicrobial therapy initiated before test results are available

Back 2

empiric therapy

Front 3

lowest concentration of antibiotic that produces complete inhibition of bacterial growth

Back 3

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Front 4

lowest concentration of antibiotic that produces a 99.9% reduction in bacterial colonies

Back 4

minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)

Front 5

ability of drug to injure invading microbes without injuring host cells

Back 5

selective toxicity

Front 6

molecular target of penicillins

Back 6

penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)

Front 7

narrow spectrum penicillins (penicillinase sensitive)

Back 7

Penicillin G
Penicillin V

Hint 7

drug of choice for Streptococcus (pnemoniae, pyogenes, viridans), gas gangrene (C. perfringens)

Front 8

narrow spectrum penicillins (penicillinase resistant)

Back 8

Nafcillin (Unipen)
Oxacillin (Bactocill)

Hint 8

Staph aureus (non MRSA)

Front 9

broad spectrum penicillins

Back 9

Ampicillin (Omnipen)
Amoxacillin (Moxatag)

Hint 9

Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella

Front 10

extended spectrum penicillins

Back 10

Ticarcillin-clauvulanate (Timentin)
Piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)
Ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)

Hint 10

Pseudomonas aerguginosa

Front 11

Three alternatives to penicillin for people with allergies

Back 11

vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin

Front 12

Most widely used group of antibiotics

Back 12

cephalosporins

Front 13

ceph generation most active against G- bacteria

Back 13

4th generation ceph

Front 14

ceph generation least effective against anaerobes

Back 14

1st generation ceph

Front 15

ceph generations highly resistant to beta-lactamases

Back 15

3rd and 4th generation ceph

Front 16

first generation cephalosporins

Back 16

Cefazolin
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cephalothin (Keflin)
Cefadroxil (Duricef)

Hint 16

ceph effective against G+ bacteria, surgical prophalaxis

Front 17

2nd gen cephalosporins

Back 17

Cefaclor (Ceclor)
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
Cefuroxime (Zinacef)

Hint 17

ceph for Gr+, some Gr- beta-lactamases. not frequently used

Front 18

3rd gen cephalosporins

Back 18

Ceftazidime (Fortaz)
Cefotaxime (Claforin)
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Hint 18

ceph for Gr+, many Gr-, meningitis infections, Pseudomonas a.

Front 19

4th gen cephalosprins

Back 19

Cefepime (Maxipime)

Hint 19

ceph for G+, many Gr-, meningitis, most broad-spectrum

Front 20

Carbapenems

Back 20

Imipenem (Primaxin)

Hint 20

extremly broad specturm beta lactam antibiotic, not effective against MRSA

Front 21

Vancomycins

Back 21

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Hint 21

non- beta lactam disrupter of cell wall synthesis, reserved for serious drug resistant infections

Front 22

4 categories of muti-drug resistant bacteria

Back 22

-Methicillin resistant Staph a (MRSA)
-Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)
-Klebsiella pnemoniae carbapenemase (KPC)
-Vanco-resistant enetrococcus (VRE)

Front 23

Tetracyclines

Back 23

tetramycin (sumycin)

Hint 23

becteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis, broad spectrum, second line, PUD, periodontal disease

Front 24

Macrolides

Back 24

Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

Hint 24

bacteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis, alternative to pennicillins, broad spectrum, Chlamydia

Front 25

Streptogramins

Back 25

quinupristin / dalfopristin (Synercid)

Hint 25

VRE: E. faecium

Front 26

Oxazolidines

Back 26

linezolid (Zyvox)

Hint 26

newer drug, effective against MRSA, VRE, not effective against Gr-

Front 27

Cyclic lipopeptides

Back 27

daptomycin (Cubicin)

Hint 27

novel lipopeptide for MRSA

Front 28

Nitroimidazole

Back 28

metronidazole (Flagyl)

Hint 28

anaerobic bacteria (particularly C. diff) and protozoa