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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillins
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M: Bind PBPs to inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking; U: gram-positive, Neisseria; SE: allergies; R: altered PBP, B-lactamase
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Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
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M: same as penicillin U: Gram + and HELPS (H influ, E coli, listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, enterococci); can use with clavulanic acid (B-lactamase inhibitor)
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Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
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M: same as penicillins; use to treat S. aureus
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Carbenicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin
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Use vs. Pseudomonas
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1st gen cephalosporins
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B-lactam drugs but less susceptible to B-lactamases; U: gram-positive + PEcK
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2nd gen cephalosporins
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gram-positive + HEN PEcKS
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3rd gen cephalosporins
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good gram negative coverage; treat meningitis, and gonorrhea (ceftriaxone)
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4th gen cephalopsporin (cefepime)
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Pseudomonas coverage
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Monobactam (Aztreonam)
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Binds PBP3, no cross-reactivity with penicillins, gram - ONLY,
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Imipenem/cilastatin
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Cilastatin is an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I to preserve imipenem from cleavage; hits + and -; SE: seizures
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Vancomycin
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Binds D-ala-D-ala linkage of peptidoglycan backbone to prevent ligase access for peptidoglycan polymerization; GRAM + only (MRSA, C. dificle); SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, Red-man syndrome; R: changes D-ala-D-ala to D-ala-D-lac
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Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, other "mycins")
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M: Block initiation complex; U: gram negative rods; synergistic w/ B-lactams; SE: nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, pregnancy contraindicated; R: altered 30S subunit
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Tetracyclines ("cyclines")
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M: prevent tRNA binding; U: Broad-spectrum (VACUUM BedRoom Tonight); SE: Ca2+ chelator for discolor teeth, stunt bone growth; phototoxicity
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Chloramphenicol
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M: Blocks peptide bond formation; U: meningitis (H flu, Neisseria, Strep pneumo) but limited b/c of toxicity; SE: aplastic anemia, gray baby; R: enzymatic inactivation
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Macrolides (erythromycin)
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M: Block translocation; U: URIs, pneumonias (CAP), gram + cocci; SE: inhibit P450; R: ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methylation
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Clindamycin
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M: Blocks ribosome function; U: ANAEROBES above diaphragm except C. dificile; SE: risk for pseudomembranous colitis by C. dificile; R: rRNA methylation
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Linezolid
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Against MRSA and PRSP; block initiation at 50S
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Sulfonamides
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M: Block dihydropteroate synthase as PABA analog; U: ulcerative colitis, UTI, burns; SE: kernicterus, hemolysis, allergies; R: increased DHFR
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Trimethroprim
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M: Inhibits DHFR; U: as TMP-SMX for PCP, gram +/-, traveler's diarrhea; SE: megaloblastic anemia (for TMP), reversible thrombocytopenia by giving leucovorin
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Fluoroquinolones
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M: Inhibit DNA gyrase/topo IV, concentration-dep killing; U: Pseudomonas in CF pts, UTI/STDs; SE: cartilage damage, tendinitis
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Isoniazid
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M: Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis; U: First-line TB drug, use as prophylaxis; SE: Neuropathy, hepatotoxicity; R: metabolized by N-acetyltransferase at diff rates, so can use pyroxidine
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Ethambutol
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M: Inhibit arabinosyltransferases needed to make cell wall; penetrates CNS for TB meningitis SE: retrobulbar neuritis (eye)
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Rifampin
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RNA polymerase inhibitor; revs up P450; red/orange body fluids; rapid resistance if used alone
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Pyrazinamide
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polyarthralgia, hepatitis
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