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9 Cards in this Set
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Binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
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Aminoglycosides (bactericidal). What are the side effects?
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Hearing loss
Vertigo Kidney damage |
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Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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Carbapenems
Side effects? |
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Nausea Seizures Headache Rash and allergic reactions |
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Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
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Cephlosporins Generations 1-5
Side effects? |
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) Allergic reactions |
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inhibition of bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding irreversibly to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting translocation of peptidyl tRNA.
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Macrolides
Side effects? |
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses)
Jaundice |
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Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
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Penicillins
Side effects? |
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions Brain and kidney damage (rare) |
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Inhibits isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the inner membrane [4]
Colistin Interact with the gram negative bacterial outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane. It displaces bacterial counter ions, which destabilizes the outer membrane. They act like a detergent against the cytoplasmic membrane, which alters its permeability. Polymyxin B and E are bactericidal even in an isosmotic solution. |
Polypeptides
Side effects? |
Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection)
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inhibit the bacterial DNA gyrase or the topoisomerase IV enzyme, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.
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Quinolones
Side effects? |
Nausea (rare), irreversible damage to central nervous system (uncommon), tendinosis (rare)
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Folate synthesis inhibition. They are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, DHPS. DHPS catalyses the conversion of PABA (para-aminobenzoate) to dihydropteroate, a key step in folate synthesis. Folate is necessary for the cell to synthesize nucleic acids (nucleic acids are essential building blocks of DNA and RNA), and in its absence cells will be unable to divide.
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Sulfonamides
Side Effects? |
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Allergy (including skin rashes) Crystals in urine Kidney failure Decrease in white blood cell count Sensitivity to sunlight |
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inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.
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Tetracyclins
Side Effects? |
Potentially Permanent
Gastrointestinal upset Sensitivity to sunlight Potential toxicity to mother and fetus during pregnancy Enamel hypoplasia (staining of teeth) transient depression of bone growth |
