Antimicrobial

Front 1

PCN (Amoxicillin)
preferred because...
MOA:
Assessment
Indications/Therapeutic Effects:
Adverese effects:
(Drug) interactions:
Nursing Axns and Ct teaching:

Back 1

causes less GI distress; better absorbed; oral; produces blood therapeutic levels rapidly

MOA: bactericidal: inhibits cell wall synthesis

A:hypersensitivity rxns
I/TE: prevention of bacterial endocarditis; resp infections (sinusitis, bacterial bronchitis, bacterial sinusitis); otitis media

AE: Superinfections (hypotension, urticaria, angioedema, respiratory distress, vomitting, diarrhea); anaphylaxis; bleeding; hypersensitivity

I: Acidifying agents (OJ)

N & C: take it on an empty stomach; take it with h20; evenly spaced intervals, ATC; report allergic rxns (diarrhea, black tongue,complete full treatment, follow instructions carefully; need more frequent admin.

Front 2

CEPHALOSPORINS
Cephalexin (Keflex) - 1st generation

MOA
Assessment
Indications/TE
Adverse Effects:
Contraindications:
Drug Interactions:
Nursing Axns & Pt. teaching:

Back 2

Bactericidal: inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Assess for BUN, CRcl, Pt INR, CBC

for staph infectons/wound infections, skin infections and for soft issue infections

Nephrotoxicity, phlebitis at IV site, n/v, diarrhea, superinfections, hypothrombinemia (blood disorder)

PCN 25% cross sensitivity

Food delays absorption

take with food if the pt has GI distress; change IV site q2d; repor diarrhea - may interfere with vit K production; don't take with Mg/Al based antacids

Front 3

AMINOGLYCOSIDES

Gentamicin (Garamycin)
MOA
Assessment
Indications/TE:
Adverse Effects
Contraindications
Drug interactions:
Nrsg axns & Pt. teaching:

Back 3

for serious infections

bactericidal: binds with ribosomes, penetrate the cell wall

Assess for BUN, CrCl, audiometry results WBC inc.

for serious infections, peritonitis, meningitis, PID->infertility, trichomonas infections

neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, nephrooxicity (do peaks & troughs, very narrow therapeutic level)

hypersensitivity

ceph with aminoglycoside -> nephrotoxicity

push fluids, report ringing in the ears, deep IM (Z track) irritating to the muscle

Front 4

FLUOROQUINOLONES

Ciprofloxacine (Cipro)
MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE
Adverse Effects:
Contraindications
Nrsg axns & Pt. teaching

Back 4

bactericidal: interferes with the bacterial DNA synthesis

assess labs for BUN, renal and hepatic fxn

for STI, URI, UTI

nephrotoxic, crystalluria, hepatotoxic allergic rxn

not for pg women

drink 2-3 quarts of fluid, antacids

Front 5

TETRACYCLINE

Tetracycline
MOA
Assessment
Indications/TE
Adverse Effects
Contraindications
Nrsg axn & pt. teaching

Back 5

bacteriostatic

assess for impaired renal/hepatic fxn

acne, STI, DOC for elderly , soft tissue infection

gray color of the teeth, depress bone growth, photosensitivity, renal & hepatic impairment

not for pg women and babies and children under 8y/o

milk and antacids, give 1 hr or 2 hr pc, avoid prolonged sun exposure, report n/v diarrhea, skin rash, perineal itching,

Front 6

SULFONAMIDE

Trimetroprim & sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Drug Interaction
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 6

Bacteriostatic: inhibition of FA synthesis

addess for UTI, WBC and bacteria ct

for UTI (kills E.coli), chronic bronchitis,otitis media, sinusitis (resp. nl. flora that has become pathogenic)

blood dyscrasia, allergic rxn (sore throat, fever, rash, chills), crystalluria

Avoid Vit. C and ASA (causes crystalluria)

push fluids at least 1200-1500 ml daily; cranberry juice decreases acidity of the urine, take on an empty stomach

Front 7

MACROLIDE

Erythromycin

MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Drug Interaction
Contraindication
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 7

both bacteriostatic and bactericidal

assess for c&s

use for conjunctivitis DOC for legionaires dis. (resp infections), topical (skin infection), sub for PCN allergic pts

hepatotoxic so do LFT, phelbitis at IV site, NV, diarrhea, abd. pain, cramping, jaundice

antacids

not for pts with cirrhosis or cancer of the liver

take with h20, report nv and diarrhea, report s/s of hepa, report RUQ pin and jaundice

Front 8

ANTITUBERCULAR

Isoniazid (INH)

MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Drug Interaction
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 8

bactericidal - inhibits formation of the cell walls

ID high risk patients; check diagnostic test reports for indication of TB (chest radiograph, tuberculin test, sputum and smear test culture)

to prevent and treat TB

neuritis, n/v , diarrhea, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity

food delays absorption

take B6 with INH; no inh if pg; red man syndrome with Rifampin; report dark urine, RUQ pain, jaundice N/V

Front 9

ANTIVIRAL

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Contraindication
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 9

virastatic: inihibits DNA reproduction. no cidal

p. 571

for herpes simplex 1 and 2; slows progression of disease

N/V; diarrhea; skin rash;; dizziness

not for pg women

for systemic agents, monitor renal fxn, fluid balance, and CBC; teach infection control

Front 10

ANTIRETROVIRAL

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Contraindication
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 10

Virastatic: inhibits replication

p.571

for HIV patients

N/V; diarrhea; skin rash; dizziness; anemia; thrombocytopenia; hard on the GI and renal

not for pg women

p.573 and 573

Front 11

ANTIFUNGAL

Amphotericin B


MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Drug Interaction
Contraindication
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 11

fungicidal/fungistatic - depening on the conc. in the body fluids and susceptibiliy of the causative fungus

only for seious fungal infections;
fungus growing in the bladder, in the lungs, in the wound, bad fungal infection (systemic fungal infection)

can cause phlebitis. watch for LFT; can cause electrolyte imbalance, nephro and hepatotoxic

not for hepatic/renal impaired pts

report n/v, diarrhea, abd. pain; can cause pelbitis at IV site; monitor for anemia and thrombocytopnia

Front 12

ANTIPARASITIC

Metronidazole (Flagyl)


MOA
Assessment
Indication/TE:
Adverse Effect
Drug Interaction
Contraindication
Nrsg Axn & Pt. Teaching

Back 12

amebicidal

assess for hypersensitivity and C&S before tx

for trichomonas infection, amoeba. anaerobes, STI (female - copious, fish smelling)

GI effects (anorexia, NV, epigastric burning, diarrhea); convulsion; vertigo; HA

on' take with alcohol (produces abd distress)

not for 1st rimester of pregnancy

report CNS disturbance with flagyl