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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bactericidal
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Bringing death to bacteria
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Bacteriostatic
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Restrain the development or production of bacteria
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Suprainfection
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Secondary infection caused by opportunistic pathogen , such as a fungal infection after antibiotic tx
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Prodrug
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Inactive or partially active drug that is metabolically changed in the body to an active drug
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Kernicterus
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accumulation of bilirubin in CNS tissues (jaundice)
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Gram-Positive – Has 2 layers
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1) Cytoplasmic membrane (PBP’s are here)
2) Cell wall |
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Gram-Negative – Has 3 layers
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1) Cytoplasmic membrane
2) Thin cell wall 3) Outer membrane (difficult to penetrate) |
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Penicillins - MOA
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Weaken cell wall which causes cell wall to take up water & burst (bactericidal) through activation of autolysins and inhibition of transpeptidases
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Penicillins are effective against cells undergoing ?
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Only effective against cells that are undergoing growth and division (Active Infection)
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Beta-Lactamase (Penincillinase)
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Cleave beta-lactam rings
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Gram-Neg Penicillinase is
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secreted into the periplasmic space (more resistant to PCN)
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Gram-Pos Penicillinase is
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exported it into the surrounding medium – makes it easier for penicillin to get through
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Narrow spectrum PCN: (PCNase sensitive) - Drug Names?
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PCN G & PCN V
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Narrow spectrum PCN: (PCNase resistant) Antistaphylococcal PCN - Drug Names?
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Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, & Dicloxacillin
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Broad spectrum PCN: (aminopenicillins) - kills good bacteria - Drug Names?
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Ampicillin, Bacampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin/sublactam, Amoxicillin/clavulanate
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Broad spectrum PCN:(antipseudomonal PCN’s) - Drug Names?
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Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin, Ticarcillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin/clavulanate, Piperacillin/tazobactam
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If on an antibiotic and an oral contraceptive, what might you consider?
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Using another form of contraception
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Clavulanic Acid increases incidence of
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Diarrhea
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If someone is allergic to Penicillin, you shouldn't give them ? or ? b/c of cross-sensitivity.
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cephalosporins and carbapenems
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Which class of PCN is PCNase resistant?
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Narrow Spec - Antistaphylococcal PCN - Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, & Dicloxacillin
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What do you use for MRSA?
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Vacomycin
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Which PCNs are used to treat Pseudomonas?
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Extended Spec - Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Mezlocillin, Piperacillin
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Which PCNs are used to treat E.coli?
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Broad-Spec - Ampicillin & Amoxicillin and Extended Spec - Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin, Mezlocillin, Piperacillin
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Will Extended Spec PCN be effective against S. aureus?
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No, b/c all 3 extended spectrum PCN’s are susceptible to beta-lactamases and therefore ineffective against S. aureus.
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W PCN type is effective against S. aureus?
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Narrow spectrum PCN: (PCNase resistant) Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, & Dicloxacillin
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Name the Beta-Lactamase inhibitors
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sublactam (w/ Ampicillin), clavulanic acid (w/ Amoxicillin or Ticarcillin), & tazobactam (w/ Piperacillin)
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What can you give with Extended Spec PCNs to increase effectiveness?
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an Aminoglycoside
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If mixing PCN w/ an Aminoglycoside, what should you consider?
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Do not give them together b/c can inactive aminoglycoside. Give one at a later time to avoid inactivation.
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Cephalosporins - MOA
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Similar to PCN - Bactericidal
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Cephalosporins 1st gen is good for which types of infections?
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skin, respiratory, bronchitis, urinary tract
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Cephalosporins 2nd gen is good for which types of infections?
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Upper respiratory tract infections
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Which Gens of Cephalosporins cross the BBB?
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3rd and 4th
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What is the only 4th Gen Cephalosporin?
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Cefepime
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Which Cephalosporin is the only one that can be given both PO and injection?
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Cefuroxime
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