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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common/first line therapy used for mild to moderate HTN?
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Thiazide Diuretics
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What is the most commonly used loop diuretic?
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Furosemide
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Why are loop diuretics considered "High Ceiling"?
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They are the most effective diuretic since they work earlier in NaCl reabsorption
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Main indication of K+ sparing diuretics?
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-used in conjunction with loop or thiazide diuretics to MINIMIZE RISK OF HYPOKALEMIA
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When would you use Spironolactone?
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Severe heart failure
(it's a K+ diuretic) |
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When would you use Eplerenone?
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for HTN when normokalemia is essential
*more selective for aldosterone receptors |
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This drug will cause gynecomastia, decreased libido, impotence, and menstrual irregularities, also diarrhea and dyspepsia?
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Spironolactone
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DI for K+ diuretics?
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1. ACE inhibitors
2. Angiotensin II receptor blockers *can increase K+ |
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Indications for ACEI
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1. HTN
2. ALL pts post MI and heart failure 3. Diabetic and non diabetic proteinuria |
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What are contraindications for ACE inhibitors?
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1. PREGNANCY
2. Angioedema 3. Bilateral renal artery stenosis 4. Hyperkalemia |
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NSAIDS will decrease the effect of these type of drugs?
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ACEI
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These type of antihypertensives may reduce progression of Type 2 diabetic nephropathy?
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ARBS
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Verapamil is a type of what?
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Calcium Channel Blocker
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Verapamil?
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*most cardiac effects
*negative inotropic/chronotropic agent *slows conduction through AV node |
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Diltiazem is a type of _____ that effects the ______
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CCB, cardiac and peripheral blood vessels
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What agents block beta1 AND beta 2 receptors?
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Non-selective Beta antagonists
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This drug is the most commonly used Beta antagonist that is highly lipophilic
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Propanolol
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Cardio-selective Beta antagonist are safer for these types of pts?
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Pts with:
-Asthma/COPD -Peripheral vascular disease -Diabetes |
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T/F Beta blockers must be withdrawn abruptly
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False!! They must be tapered off over a few weeks
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DI for Beta blockers
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1. may be less potent if given with potent CYP 450 enzyme inducers
2. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS |
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What is the "First Dose Phenomenon" of Alpha1 blockers?
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Postural hypotension and Syncope!
**happens within the first 30-90 mins of the first dose |
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What type of antihypertensives agents may be used in males with prostatic hypertrophy?
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Alpha 1 blockers
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Clonidine and Methyldopa are what type of drugs?
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Central Alpha2 receptor Agonist
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These drugs will cause rebound HTN if not tapered off
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Alpha 2 agonists
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Sedation and dry mouth are the most common AE of these agents
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Alpha 2 agonists
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This drug is used to treat HTN in pregnancy
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Methyldopa
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This drug is used for severe, resistant cases of HTN in combo with diuretics and beta blockers
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Minoxidil
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This drug can cause drug-induced Lupus
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Hydralazine
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This drug can be used topically for balding men
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Minoxidil
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This drug's AE is sedation, depression and suicide
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Reserpine
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These post-ganglionic sympathetic inhibitors don't cross the BBB?
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Guanethidine and Guanandrel
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What is the agent of choice for immediate blood pressure reduction?
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Nitroprusside!
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AE of Nitroprusside
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1. Rapid hypotension
2. Toxic accumulation of CYANIDE!! |
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Drugs of choice for HTN urgencies?
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Oral Captopril (ACEI)
Amlodipine (CCB) |
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What drugs would you use for a pt with ischemic heart disease?
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Beta blockers and/or ACEI
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What agents would you use for a pt with heart failure?
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ACEI and B-blockers
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What agents would you use for a pt post MI?
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ACEI and B Blockers
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What agents would you use for a pt with diabetes?
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ACEI/ARBS PLUS thiazide
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What agents would you use for a pt with cerebrovascular disease?
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ACEI-thiazide combinations
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What agents would you use for a pt with chronic kidney disease?
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ACEI/ARBs
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