Antihypertensive Agents

Front 1

Primary controllers of vascular tone used to primarily lower blood pressure

Back 1

Alpha blockers

Front 2

Name three alpha 1 selective agents commonly used in treatment of hypertension

Back 2

PRAZOSIN
DOXAZOSIN
TERAZOSIN

Front 3

Little impact on the heart but they have selective effects which are evident in their side effect profiles

Back 3

Alpha blockers

Front 4

Side effects of alpha blockers

Back 4

- Postural hypotension with reflex tachycardia (most common)
- Nasal congestion and headache
- Rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly

Front 5

Name two non-selective alpha blockers that can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of the symptoms of pheochromocytoma

Back 5

PHENOXYBENZAMINE
PHENTOLAMINE

Front 6

Name three subgroups of beta blockers

Back 6

- Nonselective beta blockers (beta1 and beta 2) - PROPRANOLOL, timolol, nadolol

- Beta 1 selective agents - METOPROLOL, atenolol,esmolol acebutolol,

- Beta 2 selective agents

Front 7

Cardiac uses of beta blockers (most common)

Back 7

- HYPERTENSION

- UNSTABLE ANGINA

- Prophylaxis after MI

Front 8

Less common uses (nonn-cardiac) of beta blockers

Back 8

- Symptomatic treatment of hyperthyroidism

- Prophylaxis against migraine headaches

- Anxiety disorder

Front 9

Which beta blockers have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects - slowing of SA and AV nodes

Back 9

Beta 1

Front 10

Which beta blockers work by decreasing cardiac output

Back 10

Beta 1

Front 11

Beta 2 blockers are contraindicated in patients with _

Back 11

COPD

Front 12

Which beta blockers work by constriction of airway smooth muscles

Back 12

Beta 2

Front 13

Endocrine effects of beta blockers

Back 13

Decreased glycogenolysis
Decreased glucagon release

Front 14

Can diabetic patients take beta blockers

Back 14

Should be used with caution in patients with diabetes who take insulin and are at risk for hypoglycemia

Front 15

Ocular effects of beta blockers

Back 15

Decreased aqueous humor production by processes of ciliary body

Front 16

Name beta blocker that can be used topically for glaucoma

Back 16

Timolol

Front 17

Adverse effects of beta blockers

Back 17

- Sexual dysfunction in males

- Arrythmias if drug is stopped abruptly

- Bronchoconstriction

- Blocking hypoglycemic response in diabetics

Front 18

Second line anti hypertensive agents

Back 18

Ca channel blockers

Front 19

Mechanism of action of ca channel blockers

Back 19

Binding to L type Ca channel of vascular smooth muscle cells and myocytes, block entry of Ca into those cells

Front 20

These agents affect both vascular tone and the heart itself - effects on the heart include negative inotropy and slowing of the conduction system

Back 20

Ca channel blockers

Front 21

Name two classes of Ca channel blockers

Back 21

Dihydropyridines

Nondihydropyridines

Front 22

Which Ca channel blockers have greater effect on vascular smooth muscle than on the heart - give examples

Back 22

Dihydropyridines - NIFEDIPINE, AMLODIPINE

Front 23

Which Ca channel blockers have increasingly greate effects on the myocardium

Back 23

Nondihydropyridines - DILTIAZEM, VERAPAMIL

Front 24

Adverse effects of Ca channel blockers

Back 24

HYPOTENSION
Headache
CONSTIPATION
Exacerbation of GERD

Front 25

Along with alpha-methyldopa, a centrally acring antihypertensive drug, acts as AGONIST AT PRESYNAPTIC ALPHA 2 RECEPTORS, decreasing central sympathetic tone

Back 25

Clonidine

Front 26

Adverse effects of clonidine

Back 26

Sedation and REBOUND HYPERTENSION if drug is stopped abruptly

Front 27

Giving IV this agent is the drug of choice for HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES

Back 27

Sodium nitroprusside

Front 28

This drug should always be given IV, given orally this drug is toxic because it results in cyanide production, affects both arterial and venous smooth muscle

Back 28

Sodium nitroprusside

Front 29

These agents are not first line agents for hypertension, often used with beta blockers and diuretics, REFLEX TACHYCARDIA that results can actually precipitate attacks of angina

Back 29

Vasodilators (HYDRALAZINE, MINOXIDIL)

Front 30

Adverse effects to hydralazine

Back 30

Headache, arrhythmias and LUPUS-LIKE REACTION

Front 31

Adverse effects of MINOXIDIL

Back 31

Sodium retention and hypertrichosis

Front 32

This Ca channel blocker can be used to control the ventricular response rate in atrial fibrillation because it slows AV nodal conduction

Back 32

Diltiazem

Front 33

These antihypertensive agents can also be used to treat symptoms of BPH

Back 33

Alpha 1 blockers

Front 34

These antihypertensive agents can mask many of the symptoms of hypoglycemia ( tremors, sweating, palpitations) mediated by epinephrine. This as well as endocrine effects puts individuals taking them with insulin dependent diabetes at increased risk of profound hypoglycemia

Back 34

Beta blockers