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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H1 antihistamines
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target H1 receptors in gut and bronchi
-inhibit smooth muscle contraction -decrease wheal, flare, and itch -decrease secretions: salivary and lachrymal -cause CNS sedation |
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H2 antihistamines
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target H2 receptors: affect gastric acid secretion
-inhibit gastric acid secretion -decrease volume and content of gastric juice -doesn't matter if you're fed or fasting |
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H1 antihistamines
1st generation |
widely used, effective, cheap
SEDATING -have sedative effect because cross BBB -diminished alertness, slowed reaction times, somnolence -some pts experience stimulation: restlessness, nervousness, insomnia -in children, 1st generations can cause hyper-excitable state -overdose -> CNS stimulation example: diphenhydramine/Benadryl, but also chlorpheniramine, brompheniramine, hydroxyzine |
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diphenhydramine/Benadryl
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=1st generation H1 antagonist
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H1 antihistamines
2nd generation |
-don't cross BBB well, so supposedly have less CNS toxicity
-but many are just active metabolites of 1st generation meds, so show a dose-dependent CNS effect ex: loratidine/Claritin |
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terfenadine/Seldane
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H1 antihistamine
2nd generation -causes long QT in high doses; now off the market because (when given in combination with) erythromycin and ketoconazole inhibited P450 enzymes and led to long QT |
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fexofenadine/Allegra
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H1 antihistamine
2nd generation =active metabolite of terfenadine, but does not cause long QT syndrome |
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desloratadine/Clarinex
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H1 antihistamine
2nd generation =active metabolite of loratidine/Claritin |
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cetirizine/Zyrtec
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H1 antihistamine
2nd generation -non-sedating, but active metabolite shows sedation effects (dose-dependent) |
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levocetirizine/Xyzal
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H1 antihistamine
2nd generation Chiral isolation of zyrtec |
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promethazone dimenhydrinate/Dramamine
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H1 antihistamine, 1st generation
-antimuscarinic effect by blocking ACh, thus has anti-emetic effect |
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meclizine/Antivert
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H1 antihistamine, 1st generation
-antimuscarinic effect by blocking ACh, thus has anti-emetic effect |
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phenothiazine/Promethazine
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H1 antihistamine, 1st generation
-blocks a-adrenergic receptors -blocks dopamine: used in psychosis main use = potentiation of pain medications -causes orthostatic hypotension when injected |
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cyproheptadine/Periactin
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antihistamine
-acts as a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist -blocks Ca+ channels -used as an appetite stimulant |
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fluticasone/Flonase
mometasone/Nasonex |
= nasal steroids
-reduce mucosal inflammation -may work better than antihistamines |
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ipratropium/Atrovent
azelastine/Astelin |
H1 antihistamine
nasal spray: reduces secretions -if patients complain about taste, they're not using it right |
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olopatadine/Patanol
emedastine/Emadine |
antihistamine eye drops
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cimetadine
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H2 antagonist
used for gastric ulcers, GERD -side effects: inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes so has major drug-drug interactions |
