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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Type of immune system response which depends on T cells.
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Cell Mediated response
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In AIDS, the helper T cell levels drop to what number?
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almost zero
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Type of immune response that depends on B cell system?
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Humoral
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What system is activated during humoral immune response?
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complement system
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What system is the antibody response occur?
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complement system
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What are the 3 chemical mediators released to cause vasodilation?
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bradykinins, prostaglandins, histamines
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Why does pain result during inflammation?
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edema and effects of histamine and bradykinin on nerve endings
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What is a type of exaggerated immune response?
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Hypersensitivity reaction
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What are some of the symptoms of a hypersensitive allergic reaction?
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rhinitis, wheezing, red/teary eyes
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What antibodies attach to the mast cells?
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IgE
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What cell is formed upon first exposure to antigen?
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mast cell
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What is released upon the 2nd exposure to an antigen (if allergic)?
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histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins
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What receptors on cells are ready for activation?
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H1 receptors
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Increased or decreased BP with cardiac response to allergic reaction?
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decreased
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What 2 things happen in GI tract upon allergic reaction?
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smooth muscle contarction and incrased parietal cell secretion
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Name the indications for use of antihistamines for allergic reaction. (5)
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Allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, uritcaria, angioedema (submucosal swellin in the hands, face and feet), adjunctive therapy in anaphylaxis
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What are some additional clinical uses for antihistamines?
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nausea/vomitting, motion sickness, vertigo, pre-op sedation, prophylactic to prevent transfusion reactions, sleep aid, parkinsons, tx of side effects of antipsychotic medications
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Name the major adverse effects of antihistamines (6)
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CNS depression results in sedation; loss of appetite, nausea and vomitting, constipation, diarrhea, anticholinergic
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If patient has a weak cough, should they take antihistamines and why/why not?
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NO! B/c a lung diseased patient will worsen; wheeze, dried up secretions are not able to be coughed up.
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What are the 3 basic types of interactions that occur with antihistamines?
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-Additive/cumulative effect
-Antihistamines may block or reverse the effects of another drug -antihistamines may mask the toxic sympoms of another drug or infection |
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What effect do antihistamines have on children?
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cause excitability
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How are most antihistamines administered?
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IM- Z track
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dimenhydrinate
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Dramamine
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diphenhydramine
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Benadryl
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chlorpheniramine
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Chlor-Trimeton
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2 antihistamines replaced by Allegra and why?
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asystemizole (Hismanal)
terfenadine (Seldane) b/c they cause serious interactions with Erythromycin (cardiac arrythmias) |
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loratadine
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Claritin
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Name the 4 long acting antihistamines that produce less CNS effects(do not cause sedation)
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Hismanal, Seldane, Allegra, and Claritin
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