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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are fungal infections difficult to treat successfully?
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Due to their similarity to host cells taking antifungals can affect the host as well
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What is an example of the single cellular yeast form?
Mycellial form? |
Candidia and Cryptococcus
Aspergillus, Microsporum |
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What is the cell membrane primarily composed of in fungi? What are the three ways they can infect?
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Ergosterol
Cutaneous, systemic, subcutaneous |
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What is the mechanism of action of Griseofulvin?
Is it fungisidal or fungistatic? What are they mainly used to treat? |
Inhibition of mitosis due to disruption of mitotic spindle
Static Dermatophytes fungi causing ringworm |
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Where is Griseofulvin deposited? Who is it mainly used in?
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Keratin layer, that's why it's good to treat ringworm
Small animals |
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What are the type of toxicities seen in Griseofulvin?
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1) Idiopathic in cats
2) Tetrogenic 3) Nephrotoxic 4) Hepatotoxic 5) Bone marrow suppression |
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What type of AntiFungal is Amphotericin B? What is the mechanism of action? Does it cross the BBB?
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Polyene
Increases cell wall permeability No |
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Is Amphotericin B cidal or static? Is it time or concentration dependent?
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Cidal
Concentration with post AB effect |
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What type of fungi is Amphotericin B used against? What is the toxic effect?
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Dimorphic form
Nephrotoxic |
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What is the mechanism of action Flucytosine? Fungicidal or fungistatic? Time or concentration dependent?
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Inhibition of DNA syntheses
Cidal Time |
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Is Flucytosine a broad or narrow spectrum? What it is mainly used to treat? Does it cross the BBB?
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Narrow
Cryptococcosis in cats Yes |
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What are the three important azoles? What is their mechanism of action?
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Ketoconazole
Itraconazole Fluconazole Increases cell permeability |
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Is ketoconazole time or concentration dependent?
Fungicidal or fungistatic? Do they cross the BBB? |
Both time and concentration
Static Poor penetrators |
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Who is ketoconazole poorly absorbed in? Why? Is this drug an enzyme inhibitor?
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Horses
Lack of gastric acidity (they are absorbed in acidic environ) Yes! Increases levels of other drugs |
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What does ketoconazole treat? What disease can it be used to treat?
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Dermatophytes
Cushings |
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What kind of toxicity do you see with ketoconazole?
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Hepatotoxic and inhibit testosterone production
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What is Clotrimazole used to treat?
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Nasal aspergilosis in dogs
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What group and class does family does itaconazole and fluconazole belong to?
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Triazole of the Azoles
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Does itaconazole work better in an acidic environment? Fluconazole?
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Yes (and ketoconazole)
No |
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Which of the azoles are best at crossing the BBB?
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Fluconazole
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