Antiepileptic Drugs

Front 1

True or False
In an epileptic seizure, the neuronal activity is always wide spread.

Back 1

False.
Depending on the type of seizure, the neuronal activity may be localized to a specific area or could spread to other areas of the brain.

Front 2

This is associated with the presence of a group or focus of cerebral neurons that are hyperexcitable or irritable.

Back 2

Epilepsy

Front 3

Name the two types of Epilipsy

Back 3

Primary and Secondary

Front 4

This type of Epilepsy has no specific anatomis cause that is evident.

Back 4

Primary

Front 5

This type of Epilepsy may be produced by inherited abnormality in the CNS.

Back 5

Primary

Front 6

In this type of Epilepsy, patients are treated with drugs on a chronic basis for life.

Back 6

Primary

Front 7

In this type of Epilepsy a number of reversible events such as tumors, head trauma, hypoglycemia, meningeal infection or rapid withdrawal of alcohol from an alcoholic can precipitate seizures.

Back 7

Secondary

Front 8

In this type of Epilepsy, patients are treated until the primary cause of seizure is corrected.

Back 8

Secondary

Front 9

What 2 things can drugs that are effective in seizure reduction accomplish?

Back 9

- Block the initiation of electrical discharge from the focal are
- Prevent the spread of abnormal electrical discharge to adjacent brain areas.

Front 10

True or False
Initial drug treatment to reduce the incidence of seizures is based on the individual taking the drug

Back 10

False. Initial drug tx to reduce the incidence of seizures is bases on the specific type of seizure

Front 11

Name 4 major categories of drugs for Epilepsy

Back 11

Hydantoins
Iminostilbenes
Caroxylic Acids
Succimides

Front 12

Name two other drugs that are more often used for other conditions but may be used for Epilepsy?

Back 12

- Benzodiazepine
- Barbiturates

Front 13

What is the major drug for Hydantoins?

Back 13

Phenytoin (DILANTIN)

Front 14

What is the major drug for Iminostilbenes?

Back 14

Carbamezapine (TEGRETOL)

Front 15

What is the major drug for CARBOXYLIC ACIDS?

Back 15

Valproic Acid (DEPAKOTE)

Front 16

What is the major drug for SUCCIMIDES?

Back 16

Ethosuximide (ZARONTIN)

Front 17

This drug stabilization of neuronal membranes to depolarization by decreasing the influx of sodium ions into neurons

Back 17

Hydantoins

Front 18

This drug reduces the propagation of abnormal impulses in the brain

Back 18

Hydantoins

Front 19

This drug does not cause generalized CNS depression (like the barbiturates), but it can cause drowsiness not hypnosis

Back 19

Hydantoins

Front 20

This drug is bound to plasma proteins

Back 20

Hydantoins

Front 21

How are Hydantoins active?

Back 21

orally or intravenously

Front 22

True or False
Tx with Hydantoins should not be stopped abruptly

Back 22

True

Front 23

What are the side effects of Hydantoins?

Back 23

CNS: Nystagmus and ataxia (due to depression of the cerebellum and vestinular system - confusion - hallucinationa - drowsiness
GI: Nausea and vomiting
- Gingial hyperplasia (especially in children)
- Blood dyscrasias such as megaloblastic anemia

Front 24

What are the Therapeutic uses for Hydantoins?

Back 24

- All partial seizures (simple and complex)
- Tonic-clonic seizures
- Status epilepticus caused by recurrent tonic-clonic seizures
- Neurosurgically induced seizures

Front 25

In this class of drug for epilepsy, the mech of action is to decrease the influx of calcium ions during depolarization

Back 25

Hydantoins

Front 26

This type of drug is equivalent to phenytoin in efficacy and side effects

Back 26

Iminostilbenes

Front 27

This type of epileptic drug acts by reducing the propagation of abnormal impulses in the brain by blocking sodium channels. Therefore, it inhibits the generation of repetitive action potentials in the epileptic focus.

Back 27

Iminostilbenes

Front 28

This type of epileptic drug suppresses repetitive firing of neurons

Back 28

Hydantoins

Front 29

How are Iminostilbenes active?

Back 29

Orally. Can induce drug metabolizing drugs in the liver.

Front 30

What are the side effects of Iminostilbenes?

Back 30

Dizziness, Drowsiness, Ataxia,Blurred Vision, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Aplastic Anemia

Front 31

What type of seizures are Iminostilbenes used for?

Back 31

All partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Front 32

This type of epileptic drug acts by reducing the propagation of abnormal electrial discharge in the brain. It may also enhace the effect of the inhibitory transmitter, GABA.

Back 32

Carboxylic Acids

Front 33

How are Carboxylic Acids active?

Back 33

orally

Front 34

What are the side effects of Carboxylic Acids?

Back 34

GI distress, Temporary hair loss, Sedation, Ataxia, Impaired platelet function (increased bleeding time)

Front 35

What type of seizures are treated with Carboxylic Acids?

Back 35

Absence seizures and complex partial seizures.

Front 36

This type of epileptic drug acts by reducing the propagation of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It may have an effect on calcium influx into neurons.

Back 36

Succimides

Front 37

How are Succimides active?

Back 37

Orally

Front 38

Whate are the side effects of Succimides?

Back 38

Drowsiness, Restlessness, Anxiety, Agitation

Front 39

What type of seizures do Succimides treat?

Back 39

This is the drug of first choice for treating absence seizures.

Front 40

Whate are the three Benzodizapines used in tx of epilepsy?

Back 40

Lorazepam
Clonazepam
Diazepam

Front 41

This Benzodizaepine is used to treat status epilipticus

Back 41

Lorazepam

Front 42

This Benzodiazepine is used to treat refractory absence seizures

Back 42

Clonazepam

Front 43

This Benzodiazepine is used as an adjunct in convulsive disorders

Back 43

Diazepam

Front 44

This barbiturate is used in treatment of tonic-clonic and absence seizures.

Back 44

Mephobarbital