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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oral Hypoglycemics
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stimulate insulin release by the beta cells of the pancreas, can be used alone or in combination with insulin.
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SULFONYLUREAS
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lower glucose by increasing betal cell insulin production, decrease insulin resistance.
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Major side effect of sulfonylureas is
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HYPOGLYCEMIA
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BIGUANIDES/METFORMIN
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lowers glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver, decreases insulin resistance, and slows absorption of glucose from intestines, small risk for lactic acidosis.
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ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
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acarbose/miglitol, lower glucose by slowing the breakdown of pollysaccharides into simple sugars, used with sulfonyureas, insulin, and metformin.
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MEGLITINIDES
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nateglinide and repaglinide, stimulates release of insulin from betal cells, can result in hypoglycemia, combination with metformin
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THIAZOLIDINEDIONE CLASS
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increases bodys response to insulin with out increasing insulin secretion, avandia and actos, has severe cardiovascular effects.
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INCRETINS
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GLP-1 and exenatide/byetta, hormones release from the gut after eating, stimulate insulin secretion and restore phases of insulin release.
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ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC MOST COMMON ADVERSE REACTIONS
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HYPOGLYCEMIA AND ALLERGIC REACTIONS
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Sufonylureas adverse reactions
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heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, CAN CAUSE HEPATOTOXICITY AND CHOLESTATIC JAUNDICE
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Oral Hypoglycemic drug interactions
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barbiturates, sedatives, and hypnotics may have a prolonged effect. thiazide diuretics oppose secretion of insulin from beta cells and decrease effectiveness.
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What should the patient report to the doctor while taking oral hypoglycemics?
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allergic reactions, cholestatic jaundice, dark urine, light stools, fever, sore throat, and fatigue
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