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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydantoin Prolongs inactivated Na+ Used for general and partial seizures Some use for cardiac arrhythmias Warning: bradycardia Side effects: gingival hyperplasia, SJS |
Phenytoin |
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Hydantoin Phenytoin prodrug for IV status epilepticus |
Fosphenytoin |
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Hydantoin Prolongs inactivated Na+ Add-on therapy Less toxic than phenytoin |
Ethotoin |
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Succinimide Inhibits T-type Ca++ Used for absence seizures May cause GI issues |
Ethosuximide |
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Succinimide Used for refractory absence seizures More toxic than ethosuximide |
Methsuximide |
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BDZs used for seizures |
Clonazepam, diazepam, clorazepate |
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Phenobarbital prodrug Enhances GABA and may inhibit Na+ |
Primidone |
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Prolongs inactivated Na+ Used for partial seizures Induces own metabolism Warning: blood cell abnormalities, SJS |
Carbamazepine |
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Prolongs inactivated Na+ Doesn't induce it's own metabolism |
Oxcarbazepine |
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Acts at Na+ Adjunct therapy for partial seizures Metabolite of oxcarbazepine |
Eslicarbazepine |
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Inhibits GABA-T through inhibition of succinsemialdehyde dehydrogenase Prolongs inactivated Na+ and inhibits T-tyle Ca++ Drug of choice for primary, absence, and atypical Divalproex is 1:1 mix of free acid and salt (used for mania) Warning: Hepatic failure |
Valproic acid |
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Enhances GABA and inhibits Na+ (indirectly inhibits NMDA) Used for atypical absence seizures Warning: aplastic anemia, hepatic failure from minor product atropaldehyde |
Felbamate
Note: 2-fluorofelbamate is in clinical trials - no atropaldehyde metabolite |
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Binds to alpha-2-delta subunit of Ca++ Used for partial seizures and postherpetic neuralgia |
Gabapentin |
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ER prodrug for postherpetic neuralgia and RLS |
Gabapentin enacarbil |
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S-enantiomer of gabapentin Binds to alpha-2-delta subunit of Ca++ |
Pregabalin |
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Prolongs inactivated Na+ Primary, partial, and atypical seizures Metabolism by glucuronidation Warning: aseptic meningitis, skin rash |
Lamotrigine |
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Antagonist at AMPA receptor Alternative for primary, partial and atypical Used for migraine prevention Mostly excreted unchanged Warning: birth defects |
Topiramate |
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Blocks GABA reuptake Used for partial seizures |
Tiagabine |
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Inhibits N-type Ca++ and enhances GABA Used for primary, partial and atypical seizures 60% unchanged |
Levetiracetam |
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Inhibits T-type Ca++ Alternative therapy for any type of seizure Warning: metabolic acidosis |
Zonisamide |
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Enhances slow inactivation of Na+ Lennox-Gastaut adjunct |
Rufinamide |
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Acts at BDZ site Adjunct for Lennox-Gastaut |
Clobazam |
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Suicide substrate of GABA-T Used for infantile spasms and as an adjunct for complex partial seizures Warning: vision loss |
Vigabatrin |
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K+ opener Adjunct for partial seizures Side effects: retinal abnormalities, bluish skin |
Ezogabine |
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AMPA receptor antagonist Adjunct for partials Warning: aggression, homicidal tendencies |
Perampanel |
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
Acetazolamide |
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Used for convulsions in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia |
Magnesium sulfate |
