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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st line therapy for partial seizure with complex symptoms
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phenytoin (Dilantin)
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MOA for Na++ channel blockers
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increase Na++channel inactivation by inhibiting voltage-gated Na++channels
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What type of seizure is phenytoin NOT useful in treating
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absence
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MOA for hydantoins
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-limit the development of seizure activity in the focus
-limit the spread of the focus |
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Toxicities of hydantoins
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nystagmus, diplopia, vertigo, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, hepatic enzyme induction, megaloblastic anemia, teratogenic (fetal hydantoin)
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1st line therapy for neonatal seizure and pregnant women with seizure
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phenobarbital (Luminol)
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MOA for barbituates
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-limit the spread of seizure activity by increasing the duration of Cl channel opening
-elevate seizure threshold by enhancing GABA |
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used to treat generalized and partial seizures
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Barbituates
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Toxicities of barbituates
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sedation, exfoliative dermatitis, megaloblastic anemia, hepatic enzyme induction
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not a barbituate but has the same MOA
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primidone (Mysoline)
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1st line therapy for absence seizures
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ethosuximide (Zarontin)
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Blocks thalamic T-type Ca++ channels
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ethosuximide (Zarontin)
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Toxicities for Succinimides
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inhibits platelet aggregation, hepatoxicity, N&V, diarrhea, sedation
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1st line therapy for generalized tonic-clonic seizure, 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia
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carbamazepine (Tegretol)
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MOA for Carbamazepine
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-prolongs the refractory period by reducing the rate of firing and decreases the spread of activity from the focus
-decreases the excitation of neuron by decreasing Na+ and K+ conductances |
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1st line therapy for generalized tonic-clonic. Can also treat absence and partial seizures
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valproic acid (Depakene)
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MOA for Valproic Acid
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-decreases voltage sensitive Na+ channels
-enhances GABA accumulation |
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protects against PTZ induced seizures, was previously the drug of choice for absence seizures
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Trimethadione (Tridione)
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Toxicities for Trimethadione
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hemeralopia, hepatitis, nephrosis, bone marrow damage
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drug class that is the 1st line trmt for acute status epilepticus
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Benzodiazepines
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MOA for Benzodiazepines
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enhance GABA, limit spread of activity from focus
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Toxicities for BZs
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drowsiness, ataxia, personality changes, tolerance, dependence
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Carbonic anydrase inhibitor thats used for absence seizures (limited by tolerance)
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acetazolamide (Diamox)
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MOA for acetazolamide
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diminishes seizure by production of systemic acidosis
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used as adjunctive therapy in complex and partial seizures refractory to other agents
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Phenacemide (Phenurone)
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should be limited to the most severe refractory patients with partial seizures because in some study patients it caused aplastic anemia and acute liver failure
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Felbamate (Felbatol)
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