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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mechanism to treat partial onset seizures
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inactivating Na channels
enhance action of GABA |
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mechanism to treat generalized seizures
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inhibit Ca channels
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most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant
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carbamazepine
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mechanism of axn of phenytoin
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inhibit Na channels
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nonlinearity elematnion kinetic association with which drug
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phenytoin
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acute side effects of phenytoin
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cerebellar/vestibular toxicity - nystagmus and gait instability
cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension |
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chronic side effects of phenytoin
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gingival hyperplasia
peripheral neuropathy |
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mechanism of axn of carbamazepine
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inhibit Na channels
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may worsen generalized onset seizures if this drug is given
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carbamazepine
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side effects of carbamazepine
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diplopia
asplastic anemia SIADH with hyponatremia |
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two uses of carbamazepine
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trigeminal neuralgia
partial onset seizure |
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mechanism of axn of phenobarbital
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increaes GABA-A receptor mediated current
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half life is phenobarbital
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96 hours
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side effects of phenobarbital
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sedation
slowed mentation occasionally paradoxical hyperactivity in children |
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medication used to treat essential tremor
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primidone
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mechanism of axn of vaproic acid
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prolonged recovery of Na channels
reduces Ca (T) current inhibits GABA degradative enzymes |
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this drug can displace phenytoin from albumin resulting in phenytoin toxicity with normal blood levels of phenytoin
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valproic acid
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why are blood level of phenytoin normal if toxicity is present
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because they measure phenytoin bound to albumin, need to measure free phenytoin
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treatments used with valproic acid
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partial onset seizures
generalized onset seizures manic-depressive illness |
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side effects of valproic acid
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tremor
weight gain fatal fulminate hepatitis - check liver enzymes |
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which anticonvulsant should liver enzymes be constantly checked
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valproic acid
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exclusively used in the treatment of status epilepticus
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benzodiazepines
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abruptly stopping this medication can actually result in withdrawal seizures
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benzodiazepines
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list two benzos
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diazepam
lorazepam |
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mechanism of axn of benzodiazepines
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enhancement of GABA-A mediated synaptic inhibition
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treatment of abscence seizures
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ethosuximide
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mechanism of axn of ethosuximide
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inhibit Ca (T) channels
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4 new anticonvulsants
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Lamotrigine
Levitiracetam Topiramate Gabapentin |
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mechanism of axn of lamotrigine
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inhibit Na channel
may also inhibit glutamate release |
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which drug greatly increases the plasma concentration of lamotrigine
mechanism |
Valproic acid
inhibition of lucuronidation |
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drug of choice for seizures during pregnancy
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Lamotrigine
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disadventage of lamotrigine
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takes 4 weeks to reach therapuetic range
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one advantage of Levitiracetam over lamotrigine
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reaches therapeutic range much sooner
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should be used with caution in patients with underlying depression
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levitiracetam
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mechanism of axn of topiramate
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Na channel inhibitor
enhance GABA current limits action of glutamate receptor AMPA-kainate |
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decreases estradiol concentrations, thereroe women may need higher doses of oral contraceptives with this drug
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topiramate
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side effects of topiramate
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also weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - numbness and tingling
confusion weight loss kidney stones |
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drug of choice for the pain and paresthesias associated with peripheral neuropathy
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Gabapentin
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promotes non-vesicular release of GABA
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gabapentin
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