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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two categories of seizures?
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1) Partial (involves one hemisphere)
2) Generalized (involves both hemispheres and loss of consciousness) |
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What is a tonic-clonic seizure?
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It is a generalized seizure that involves series of sustained contraction of the muscles followed by relaxation
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What is post-ictal state?
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PEriod right after seizure
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What are two types of partial seizures?
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Simple - one hemisphere, no loss of consciousness
Complex - one hemisphere and consciousness impaired |
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What is the first drug of choice for treating seizures?
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Phenytoin (Dilantin) - tonic-clonic and status epilepticus
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What is the mechanism of action for Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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Na Channel Blocker (slows APs)
Metab by liver, excreted by kidneys Selectively binds hyperactive neurons and raises threshold for seizures |
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What are common ADEs of Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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CNS: ataxia, lethargy
GI: N&V Gingival hyperplasia: gum overgrowth |
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What are serious ADEs of Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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Dermatological Rxns: Stephen Johnson Syndrome
Hepatotoxicity |
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What are the black box warnings for Dilantin?
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Not used for pregnant or breastfeeding women
Administer IV Slowly (large amounts can cause bradycardia) Increases risk of suicide |
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What are the contraindications for Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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Bradycardia, Heart Block
CNS Depression Allergy |
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What are the administration recommendations for Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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IV push give only w. normal saline
Giving with Benzodiazepines can cause Dilantin to precipitate out Dental visits DM many need increase in Diabetes meds |
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What other drugs are used for treating seizures?
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Benzodiazepines (Diazepam/Valium) - not long-term
Long acting barbituates - Phenobarbitol |
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What are the adverse effects of long acting barbituates?
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CNS depression, sedation
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What is status epilepticus?
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Life threatening emergecy, recurrent tonic-clonic seizures
Symptoms include loss of consciousness, drop in BP, hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmias Can lead to brain damage and death |
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What do we use to treat status epilepticus?
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Lorazepam (Ativan) to break the seizure
Dilantin and |
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What causes status epilepticus?
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stop taking antiseizure meds, CNS infection, alcohol, drugs, head injury
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