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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These chain are held together by noncovalant disulfide bonds |
Immunoglobulins |
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In electrophoresis immunoglobulin appear primarily in the |
Gamma region band |
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In electrophoresis the protein group that migrates the fastest and is most abundant is |
Albumin (alb) |
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Antigen binding with epitopes |
Fab fragments |
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Single antigenic determinant |
Epitopes |
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Seen in multiple myeloma patients |
Bence Jones proteins |
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Chain are seen in all immunoglobulin but only one type is present in a particular immunoglobulin |
Kappa and lambda |
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Unique amino acid sequence common to all immunoglobulin of a specific type |
Isotype |
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Minor variations of these sequences that are present in some individuals but not others |
Allotypes |
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Variable portion of each chain unique to a specific antibody |
Idiotype |
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Allows for flexible antigen antibody binding |
Hinge region |
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80% of total serum immunoglobulin |
Igg |
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Longest half life of any immunoglibulin |
Igg |
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Can cross the placenta barrier |
Igg |
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Accounts for 10% of all serum immunoglobulin |
Igm |
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Can be a pentamer |
Igm |
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Primary response is characterized by mature naive b cells recognizing g antigens |
Igm |
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Promotes phagoctosis |
Opsinization igm |
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Consists of two monomers held together by a j chain |
Iga |
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Patrol mucosal surfaces |
Iga |
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Not capable of fixing complement by the classical pathway |
Iga |
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Found on mature but unstimulated b lymphocytes and is involved in b cell maturation |
Igd |
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Found in trace amounts |
Igd |
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Helps in class switching |
Igd |
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Plasma cells produce |
Ige |
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Causes allergic reaction due to histamine from mast cells |
Ige |
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Small soluble proteins that regulate innate immunity and adaptive response |
Cytokines |
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Affecting the same cell that secreted it |
Autocrine stimulation/cytokines |
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Affecting a target cell in close proximity |
Paracrine stimulation/cytocrine |
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TNF, IFN, CSF, IL, IL-31 |
Major cytokine families |
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Have pleiotropy having many different effects |
Interleukins (IL) |
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Recruit effector cells to the area |
Innate immune response |
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Macrophages produce |
Interleukin -1 |
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Iterleukin-1 triggers |
IL-6 |
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Enhance motility and promote migration of many types of wbcs toward the source of the chemokine |
Chemotaxis |
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Type one I terferons activate |
Natural killer cells |
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T cells selected in the thymus and establish peripheral tolerance to antigens |
T regs |
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Produced in the kidneys and regulates RBC production |
Erythropoietin |
