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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which part of the bacterial cell structure is stained by the gram stain which is used to classify bacteria into the broad classes of gram positive & gram negative?
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The cell wall
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Which of the following is a gram negative bacteria?
a) Enterococcus faecalis b) Streptococcus pneumoniae c) Pseudomonas aeruginosa d) Listeria species |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Which of the following bacteria are anaerobic?
a) Actinomyces b) Bacteriodes fragilis c) Clostridium perfringens d) Fusobacteria |
All of them are anaerobes
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Which of the following is/are gram positive bacteria?
a) Staphylococcus aureus b) Viridans streptococcus group c) Neisseria gonorrhoea d) Haemophilus influenzae |
Staphylococcus aureus & Viridans streptococcus gruop
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Which of the following pathogens are/is known as "atypical" organisms that do not stain well or at all with gram stain?
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis b) Mycoplasma pneumoniae c) Proteus vulgaris d) Escherichia coli |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Which drug am I?
- I can be used to treat G+ve infections - I have a large molecular structure - Side effect of nephrotoxicity - Generally given as a slow IV infusion over at least 60mins - If infused too quickly I cause 'red man's syndrome' - TDM should be done |
Vancomycin
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Which of the following cephalosporins is effective against the gram negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa?
a) Ceftazidime b) Cephazolin c) Ceftriaxone d) Cefoxitin |
Ceftazidime
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Which of the following ABs should have ancillary label 4 (do not take dairy products, antacids, iron or calcium supplements...etc)
a) Penicillin V b) Metronidazole c) Ciprofloxacin d) Minocycline |
Ciprofloxacin & minocycline
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Which of the following antibiotics is well known for the numerous drug interactions it can cause because of its ability to induce liver enzymes?
a) Gentamycin b) Rifampicin c) Imipenem d) Clindamycin |
Rifampicin
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Which anti-infective drugs require traditional therapeutic drug level monitoring?
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Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, etc)
Glycopeptides (vancomycin, etc) Flucytosine Beta-lactams (long term patients - osteomyelitis) Itraconazole (being used for invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients) |
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Which of the following penicillins are considered as having a narrow spectrum of activity & which are considered to have a broad spectrum of activity?
a) Flucloxacillin b) Piperacillin c) Diflucloxacillin d) Ticarcillin with clavulanic acid e) Phenoxymethylpenicillin f) Amoxycillin |
Narrow spectrum
- Flucloxacillin - Diflucloxacillin - Phenoxymethylpenicillin Broad spectrum: - Piperacillin - Ticarcillin + clavulanic acid - Amoxycillin |
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What antibiotics class am I?
- Broadspectrum - Available in oral, IV and eyedrops - May cause dizziness & lightheadednses on commencement - One of the drugs in my class can increase theophylline levels - We are known to reduce seizure threshold - You should drink plenty of fluids if you are taking us - Caution with taking Ural sachets as an alkaline urine may increase risk of crystalluria |
Quinolones
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Which of the following ABs are Category A?
a) Amoxycillin, benzylpenicillin b) Cephalexin c) Erythromycin d) Nitrofurantoin e) Miconazole topical |
All of them
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Which of the following antifungal drugs are available as IV formulations in Australia?
a) Ketoconazole b) Fluconazole c) Amphotericin d) Miconazole |
Fluconazole
Amphotericin |
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Azole antifungals (e.g. fluconazole, ketoconazole) are CYP450 inhibitors, particularly CYP3A4. Which of the following does NOT interact with this class?
a) Warfarin b) Cisapride c) Phenoxymethylpenicillin d) Felodipine |
Phenoxymethypenicillin
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Which of the following antibiotics is contraindicated in children < 8 yrs because it can cause discolouration of the teeth & enamel dysplasia which increases risk of dental caries?
a) Amoxycillin b) Erythromycin c) Trimethoprim d) Doxycycline |
Doxycycline
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Which of the following ABs should be taken on an empty stomach to maximise its oral absorption?
a) Amoxycillin b) Doxycycline c) Ciprofloxacin d) Trimethoprim |
Ciprofloxacin
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Which drug am I?
- Available in oral and IV forms - Known to cause nephrotoxicity - Can cause infusion reactions (e.g. fever, chills, N+V) - Usual dose range is 0.5-1mg/kg daily - Used in Tx of fungal infections - Available in IV powder form which has to be reconstituted or as a liposomal formulation |
Amphotericin
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If a patient was allergic to sulphur drugs, which of the following ABs should be avoided?
a) Bleph eyedrops b) Co-trimoxazole c) Isoniazid d) Trimethoprim |
Bleph eyedrops (sulfacetamide)
Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole) |
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Which class of ABs are well known for staining tears, sweat, urine - RED?
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Rifamycins (rifampicin, rifabutin)
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Single daily doses of trimethoprim are best taken at what time of day to maximise urinary concentration of it?
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At bedtime
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What counselling should be given to a patient receiving doxycycline for the first time?
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- Do not take antacids, iron or calcium supplements within 2 hrs of each dose
- Avoid excessive skin exposure to sunlight & sunlamps - Take with or soon after food with a large glass of water - Do not lie down for at least 1 hr after taking medication - May decrease OCP effectiveness Common AEs = nausea, diarrhoea, gastric upset, candidal infections |
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Which of the following drugs are used in treating MRSA?
a) Vancomycin b) Ceftriaxone c) Teicoplanin d) Fusidic acid e) Timentin |
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin Fusidic acid |
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Which of the following drugs can be used in the treatment of UTI caused by E.coli?
a) Dicloxacillin b) Amoxycillin & clavulanic acid c) Trimethoprim d) Erythromycin e) Cephalexin f) Norfloxacin |
Amoxycillin & clavulanic acid
Trimethoprim Cephalexin Norfloxacin |
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What antibiotic class am I?
- Available IV & oral - Spectrum ranges from G+ve to G-ve and anaerobes - NOT used for MRSA - Closely related in structure to another class of ABs & hence 5-10% cross-reactivity |
Cephalosporins
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Which of the following are recommended dosage regimens for ceftriaxone?
a) 2g IV bd b) 4g IV daily c) 1g IV tds d) 1-2g IV daily e) 2g tds |
2g bd for Hib meningitis
4g daily for Hib meningitis 1-2g daily for endocarditis, pneumonia Because of its half life, ceftriaxone is usually given once daily or bd |
