Antibiotics Ii

Front 1

Name 5 classes of antibiotics

Back 1

1. Aminoglycosides
2. Cephalosporins
3. Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
4. Vancomycin
5. Macrolides

Front 2

How to ABs work?

Back 2

1. Cell lysis
2. alter cell membrane permeability
3. inhibit protein synthesis
4. genetic alteration

Front 3

4 Problems with ABs

Back 3

1. resistance
2. superinfection
3. anaphylaxis
4. toxicity
5. ABs in food supply

Front 4

Example Aminoglycosides

Back 4

Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin

Front 5

Aminoglycoside Action

Back 5

Inhibit Protein Synthesis

Front 6

Aminoglycoside indications

Back 6

1. Life threatening conditions, infection with Klebsiella and Pseudomonas

Front 7

Aminoglycoside contraindications

Back 7

1. People w/CNS disease such as Myasthenia Gravis, Parkinson's
2. Use with muscle relaxants (e.g. gastric lavage in surgery)

Front 8

Aminoglycosides side effects

Back 8

Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Damage to 8th cranial nerve

Front 9

Aminoglycoside Nursing considerations

Back 9

1. push fluids to avoid toxicity (2-3000ml)
2. Watch for ototoxicity signs
3. Get peaks and troughs
4. Know that it is teratogenic; crosses the placenta

Front 10

Aminoglycoside administration

Back 10

IV, unless
1. prior to colonoscopy or other GI procedure
2. alcoholics to avoid encephalopathy
--where it is given p.o.

Front 11

Aminoglycoside "word"

Back 11

synergistic

Front 12

frequent way to recognize a cephalosporin drug

Back 12

will have "cef" or "kef" in the name.

Front 13

Cephalosporin MOA (Mode of Action)

Back 13

Alter cell wall, produces cell leakage

Front 14

Cephalosporin Indications

Back 14

Prophylactically for:
Appy, GB removal, hip replacement

Also for severe UTIs

Front 15

Cephalosporin Contraindications

Back 15

PCN anaphylaxis
< 1 mo.

Front 16

Cephalosporin side effects

Back 16

1. bleeding (3rd generation)
2. secondary infections
3. No drinking alcohol

Front 17

Cephalosporin NRSG Considerations

Back 17

1. bleeding;
2. secondary infections;
3. No drinking alcohol

Front 18

Cephalosporin route

Back 18

IV

Front 19

Cephalosporin "words"

Back 19

cross-sensitivity
generations

Front 20

Cephalosporin OD

Back 20

seizures

Front 21

Persons susceptible to Cephalosporin OD

Back 21

kids, elderly, anorexic

Front 22

Cause of Antibiotic Associated Colitis

Back 22

C. difficile
(freq. associated with cephalosporins)

Front 23

Problems with cephalosporins

Back 23

1. allergic rxn
2. superinfection
3. side effects
4. AB associated colitis

Front 24

Quinolone/Fluoroquinolone examples

Back 24

cipro(floxin)
penetrex
trovafloxin
(drugs with "floxin" in name are usually quinolones or fluoroquinolones)

Front 25

Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
MOA

Back 25

inhibit protein synthesis by DNA alteration

Front 26

Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones indications

Back 26

GC, PID, Community-acquired UTIs.
Prophylactic for anthrax

Front 27

Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
side effects

Back 27

1. ototoxicity
2. nephrotoxicity
3. phototoxicity
4. tendoninitis, esp Achilles tendon

Front 28

Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
route

Back 28

IV and PO are absorbed nearly equally.

Front 29

Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
contraindications

Back 29

1. antacid use (decreases effectiveness of AB)
2. anticoagulant use (reduces anticoag properties)
; 3. theophylline (increases side effects)
4. trovafloxin -> liver failure; (14 day dose at most) 5. age < 18

Front 30

Vancomycin MOA

Back 30

inhibits cell wall synthesis

Front 31

Vancomycin indications

Back 31

MRSA
bone infections
c. dificile
septicemia

Front 32

Vancomycin NRSG considerations

Back 32

very specific levels must be achieved
watch for red man syndrome

Front 33

Vancomycin -- examples

Back 33

Vancomycin
Liphocin
Vancoccin
Vancoled

Front 34

Vancomycin route

Back 34

IV w/pump

Front 35

Cause of Red Man Syndrome

Back 35

too rapid infusion of Vancomycin; caused by peripheral vasodilation-- considered to be a type of anaphylaxis

Front 36

Macrolides: examples

Back 36

Erythromycin, Azithromycin

Front 37

Macrolide MOA

Back 37

inhibit protein synthesis via DNA alteration

Front 38

Macrolide Indications

Back 38

1. Legionnaire & Lyme
2. Whooping Cough, Diptheria
3. STDs when other drugs have failed
4. Diabetic GI pareisis

Front 39

Macrolide Contraindications

Back 39

History of liver disorder

Front 40

Macrolide side effects

Back 40

CP; joint pain; nephritis; gastric-->N&V & gas

Front 41

Macrolide administration route

Back 41

Usually PO, some IV