Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Penicillin G aka __________
admin? Use? |
Benzylpenicillin
IV (unstable in stomach acid) The drug of choice for treating Aerobic G(+) infections Streptococcus Staphylococcus Enterococcus Anaerobic G(+) infections e.g., Clostridium, Actinomyces G(-) cocci Neisseria meningitidis Spirochetes e.g., Leptospira, Treponem |
|
|
B-Lactamase-Resistant Penicillins (5)
(Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins) Use? |
Methicillin (discontinued in USA)
Nafcillin Oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin (Isoxazolyl penicillins ) Resistant to staphylococcal b-lactamase Inactive against G(-) rod and anaerobes compared to standard penicillins Indicated for infections by b-lactamase-producing staphylococci |
|
|
Penicillin G aka __________
admin? Use? |
Benzylpenicillin
IV (unstable in stomach acid) The drug of choice for treating Aerobic G(+) infections Streptococcus Staphylococcus Enterococcus Anaerobic G(+) infections e.g., Clostridium, Actinomyces G(-) cocci Neisseria meningitidis Spirochetes e.g., Leptospira, Treponem |
|
|
B-Lactamase-Resistant Penicillins (5)
(Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins) Use? |
Methicillin (discontinued in USA)
Nafcillin Oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin (Isoxazolyl penicillins ) Resistant to staphylococcal b-lactamase Inactive against G(-) rod and anaerobes compared to standard penicillins Indicated for infections by b-lactamase-producing staphylococci |
|
|
Penicillin G aka __________
admin? Use? |
Benzylpenicillin
IV (unstable in stomach acid) The drug of choice for treating Aerobic G(+) infections Streptococcus Staphylococcus Enterococcus Anaerobic G(+) infections e.g., Clostridium, Actinomyces G(-) cocci Neisseria meningitidis Spirochetes e.g., Leptospira, Treponem |
|
|
B-Lactamase-Resistant Penicillins (5)
(Anti-staphylococcal Penicillins) Use? |
Methicillin (discontinued in USA)
Nafcillin Oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin (Isoxazolyl penicillins ) Resistant to staphylococcal b-lactamase Inactive against G(-) rod and anaerobes compared to standard penicillins Indicated for infections by b-lactamase-producing staphylococci |
|
|
Extended Spectrum Antiobiotcs
|
Help
|
|
|
Extended spectrum antibiotics
3 groups |
Aminopenicillins
Carboxypenicillins Ureidpenicillins |
|
|
2 drugs/group
Characteristics/Use? |
Aminopenicillins
ampicillin, amoxicillin Carboxypenicillins carbenicillin, ticarcillin Ureidopenicillins Piperacillin, mezlocillin Enhanced penetration of G- outer membrane compared to normal penicillin Can be use in combo with B-lactamase inhibitors to extend their antibac spectrum |
|
|
Aminopenicillins
Use? Admin? Notables? |
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
-the preferred B-lactam antibiotics for treating penicillin resistant penumococci -oral admin -treats UTI, sinus, otitis, lower RTI Ampicillin only, is effective against shigellosis |
|
|
Carboxypenicillins
Use? Admin? |
Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin
IV/IM treat pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Ureidopenicillins
Use? Admin? |
Peperacillin, Mezlocillin
IV/IM treat pneumonia d/t pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Penicillin Allergy
-specific penicillin rxns (5) |
rash, serum sickness like run, rash, seizures in renal pts
Naficillin: neutropenia Oxacillin: hepatitis Methicillin: interstitial nephritis Ampicillin & Amoxicillin: non-allergic skin rxns |
|
|
Pro & Cons
Penicillin G & V |
G & V
pro: active against G+ and - cocci, anaerobes cons: inactive against G- rods,hydrolyzed by B lactamases |
|
|
B lactamase resistant penicillins (5)
|
nafcillin, methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin
pros: resistant to staphylococcal B lactamase cons: inactive against G- anaerobes, eterococci |
|
|
Extended spectrum penicillins (6)
|
ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin
pro: improved activity against G- organisms cons: hydrolyzed by B lactamase |
|
|
1st gen Cephalosporins (4)
characteristics? noteables? |
Cefazolin
Cephalexin Cephalothin Cephradine |
-very active against G+ cocci, little against G-
-renal excretion Cefazolin - drug of choice for surgical |
|
2nd Generation (5)
characteristics? Noteables? |
cefactor
cefonicid cefuroxide cefprozil ceforanide |
-extended activity against G-, less G+ action compared to 1st generation
-renal excretion Cefuroxime- good CNS penetration Cephamycins- good against anaerobes |
|
Cephamycins (2)
|
cefoxitin
cefotetan |
|
|
3rd Generation (7)
characteritics? noteables? |
Cefoperazone
Cefouxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone Cefixime Cefpodoxime |
-extended activity against G-, little activity against G+
-more resistant to B lactamase -many can cross BBB -renal excretion Ceftriazone and Cefotaxime treat meningitis, billiard excretion Ceftazidime and Cefoperazone are active against Psudomonas Aeruginosa |
|
4th Gen (1)
characteristics? |
cefepime
|
-very active against G- and G+ organisms
-more resistant to hydrolysis by B lactamases -highly active against haemophilus and nisseria -penetrates into CSF -renal excretion |
|
cephalosporins adverse reactions
|
hypersensitivity rxns, 5-10% cross allergenicity runs between penicillins and cephalosporins, its with anaphylaxis to penicillin SHOULD NOT take cephalopsporins
-renal tox -injection irritation |
|
|
Cephalosporins adverse reactions
Drugs with Methylthiotetrazole ring (4), rxn? |
Drugs with methylthitetrazole ring can cause severe disulfiram like reactions (must avoid alcohol), bleeding disorders and hypothrombinemia
I met a man with a perfect tan. Cefamandole Cefotetan Cefmetazole Cefoperazone |
|
|
Disulfiram like reactions, symptoms?
|
flushing
nausea palpitation vomiting chest pain vertigo hypotension occur when cephalosporins are taken with alcohol |
|