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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antibiotic
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antimicrobial agent, either natural or synthetic, that kills or stops the growth of other organisms
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antifungal
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drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi
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antibody
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a protienlike substance produced in the body to fight microorganisms
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aseptic
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free of pathogens
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autoclave
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machine that sterilizes with steam under pressure, usually at 250 degrees F, for a designated time
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bactericide
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an agent that is destructive to bacteria
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bacteriostatic
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an agent that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria
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broad spectrum antibiotics
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antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of pathogens
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culture and sensitivity test
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laboratory technique for finding out which, if any, microbes are present, and which antibiotic will be effective agianst a specific pathogen
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disinfectant
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chemical capable of killing bacteria; used in sterilization process
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fungi
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plantlike parastic microorganisms
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gram stain
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laboratory test for identifying microbes
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hypersensitivity
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an exaggerated response to a drug or other foriegn agent
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immune
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able to resist damage from pathogens
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immunization
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a way of stimulating production of antibodies by exposing the body to weakened or killed germs
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infection
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an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease
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infectious desease
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disease caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens from one person to another
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inoculation
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immunizing by administration of a vaccine
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leukocytes
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white blood cell that defends the body against bacteria
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microorganisms
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tiny one celled plants and animals; some are pathogenic/disease-producing and other are nonpathogenic; also called microbes
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mycoses
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infection caused by fungi
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narrow spectrum antibiotics
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anatibiotics that are effective against specific pathogens
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pathogens
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disease producing microorganisms
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penicillinase
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enzyme produced by microbes that makes them resistant to penicillin
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photosensitivity
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sensitivity to light, often a side effect of certian drugs; can cause a rash
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resistance
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the ability of a particular microorganism to resist the effect of a specific antibiotic
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superinfection
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secondary infection that occurs while the antibiotic is destroying the first infection
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standard precautions
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primary strategies for prevention of infection transmitted through blood, body fliud, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes
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universal precautions
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safety measures that consider all patients potentially infectious with blood borne pathogens
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vaccination
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introduction of an infectious agent for the purpose of establishing resistance to an infectious disease
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name some common antibiotics and their routes of administation?
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amoxicillin clavulante PO
erythromycin PO, IV gentamicin IV, IM sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprin (septra,bactrim) IV, PO ciprofloxacin(cipro) PO |
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what is amoxicillin used for?
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lower respiratory infection
otitis media urinary tract infection skin infection |
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what is erythromycin used for?
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acute pelvic inflammatory disease
endocarditis prophylaxis for dental work respiratory infection |
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what is gentimicin used for?
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bloodstream infection
serious infections meningitis endocarditis prophylaxis for GI or GU surgery |
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What is septra & bactrium used for?
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bronchitis
urinary tract infections otitis media |
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what is ciproflaxacin used for?
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pneumonia
bone infection urinary tract infection skin infection |
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what is the action of amoxicillin?
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inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
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what is the action of erythromycin?
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inhibits protein synthesis
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what is the action of gentamicin?
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inhibits protien synthesis
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what is the action of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (septra,bactrim)?
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blocks folate metabolism pathways
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what is the action of ciprofloxacin?
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inhibits DNA gyrase
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What is the usual dose of amoxicillin?
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250mg PO q8hrs;
500mg 1 8hrs(severe infections) watch patient closly for allergic reaction |
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What is the usual dose of erythromycin?
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250-550mg PO q 6hrs
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What is the usual dose of gentamicin?
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3mg/Kg daily in divided doses; IM or IV infusion q 8hrs
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What is the usual dose of sulfamethoxazole /trimethoprim (septra,bactrim)
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one double strenght tablet PO q 12h; encourge fluids
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What is the usual dose of ciprofloxacin?
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500mg PO q 12 hr; do not take with antacids
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions to amoxicillin?
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nausea, vomitting, diarrhea,hyposensitivity, reactions such as rash, chills, S.O.B.
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions to erythromycin?
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nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions to gentamicin?
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kidney damage, hearing loss, upset of balance; drug levels must be closely monitored
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions to sulfamethoxazole /trimethoprim (septra,bactrim)?
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nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, rash, allergic reaction to sulfa
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions to ciprofloxacin?
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headache,nausea, diarrhea,rash
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what is a common antifungal and the routes of administation?
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amphotericin B
IV, PO |
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what is amphotericin B used for?
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systemic fungal infections
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what is the action of amphotericin B?
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damages fungal cell wall
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what is the usual dose and special instructions for amphotericin B?
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100mg PO QID for 7 to 10 days
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions to amphotericin B?
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fever, chills, nausea, wieght loss, anorexia, kidney damage, vein irritation
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What is a common antiviral medication and routes it is used?
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acyclovir
IV, PO, top |
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what are the uses for acyclovir?
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herpes simplex, chickenpox, genital herpes
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What is the action of acyclovir?
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stops viral replication
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what is the usual dose and special instructions for acyclovir?
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200mg PO 1 4hr
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what are the side effects and adverse reactions of acyclovir?
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kidney damage, headache, confusion, irritablity, nausea, vomiting
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