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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 3 types of natural PN?
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oral = PN V; IV = PN G; IM
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What are natural PN good for?
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GAS, GBS, viridans, g+ anaer, N. men, Trep pallidum
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What are antistaphyloccal drugs?
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Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
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What is advantage of anti-staph drugs over natural PN?
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resistant to b-lactamase of S. aureus, kills MSSA (not MRSA)
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What are the 5 categories of beta lactams?
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PN, b-lactamase inhibitors, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactems
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What is mechanism of beta lactams?
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bind tpeptidase and block PG synthesis
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What are the aminoPN?
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ampilicillin, amoxicillin
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What is adv of aminoPN?
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inc intestinal absorption, same spec as natural + E. coli, Shigella, Salm, Borrelia
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What are the extended spectrum PN?
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piperacillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin
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What is adv of extended spec PN?
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inc penetration of g- porins over aminoPN, kill more enterobacteriaciae + Pseudomonas
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What are the b-lactamase inhibitors?
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clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
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What bugs does amoxilicillin + clavulanate kill?
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S. aureus, S. pneumo, enterobact, Bacteroides
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What is effect of combining b-lactamase inhibitor w/ extended spec PN?
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very potent, broad spec; S aureus, S pneumo, enterobact, pseudomonas
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What is advantage of cephalosporins over natural PN?
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inc resistance to b-lactamases, w/ each generation activity against g+ dec and g- inc
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What are the first gen cephalosporins?
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cefazolin, cephalexin
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What bugs do first gen cephalosporins kill?
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spec lke aminoPN - GAS, viridans, GBS, S pneumo + Klebsiella an Proteus
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What is the 2nd gen cephalosporin?
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Cefuroxime
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What bugs do 2nd gen cephalosporins kil?
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same g+ plus improved activity against E coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
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What is the 3rd gen cephalosporin?
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Ceftriaxone
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What bugs do 3rd gen cephalosporins kill?
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MSSA, inc activity against g- (ent, N gon and men), cross BBB, kill anaerobes and Pseudomonas
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What is 4th gen cephalosporin?
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Cefepime
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What bugs to 4th gen cephalosporin kll?
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inc against Pseudomonas, inc activity against b-lactamase
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What are the carbapenems?
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imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
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What is adv of carapenems?
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very broad spec, inc penetration of porins, inc binding to PBP, inc resistance to b-lactamase, kill pseudomonas
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What is the hail Mary drug?
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imipenem
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What is monobactams drug?
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Aztreonam
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What is adv of monobactams?
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inc penetration of porins - Ent and Pseudomonas, bind g- PBP but not g+ PBP
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What is vancomycin mechanism?
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binds aa thereby blocking action of tpeptidase
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What bugs does vancomycin kill?
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g+ - MRSA, PN res S pneumo, enterococci; NOT g- b/c too big
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What is mechanism of daptomycin?
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lipid portion inserts into mem creating pore and causing lysis
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What bugs does vancomycin kill?
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MRSA PN res S pneumo, VRE
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What are 6 "P's" of resistance to b-lactams?
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penetration, porins, efflux pump, PNases, PN binding ptn mutate, PG
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What is the aminoglycoside?
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gentamicin
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What is mechanism of aminoglycoside?
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bind 30S blocking ptn synthesis
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What bugs do aminoglycosides kill?
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aer g- rods, no anaer b/c tported into cell via O2 process; use w/ PN or Vanc to disrupt cell wall to use against g+
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What is toxicity of aminoglycosides?
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nephro and oto toxicity
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What are the macrolides?
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erythomycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
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What is mechanism of macrolides?
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bind 50S blocking ptn synthesis
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What bugs do macrolides kill?
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definitive for Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia (g- resistant), empiric for CA pneumonia
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What is ketolid drug?
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Telithromycin
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What is mechanism of ketolide?
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bind 50S to block ptn synthesis
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What bugs do ketolides kill?
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S pneumo including PN resistant ones
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What is mechanism of clindamycin?
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bind 50S blocking ptn synthesis
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What bugs does clindamycin kill?
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aer g+ - MRSA, S pneumo; g+/- anaer; toxo and plasmodium
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What is mechanism of tetracycline?
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bind 30S blocking ptn synthesis
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What bugs does tetracycline kill?
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atypical bacteria
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What are the streptogramins?
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Dalfopristin, Quinuprisin - have to give both
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What is mechanism and sped of Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones?
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bind 50S, narrow spec - MRSA, S pneumo, VRE
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What are the fluoroquinolones?
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ciprofloxacin, gata (resp), levo (resp), oflax, moxi (resp)
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What bugs do fluoroquinolones kill?
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aer g-
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What is toxicity of fluoroquinolones?
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damage growing cartilage
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What is mechanism of fluoroquinolone?
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blocks DNA synthesis
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What is mechanism of metrondazole?
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breaks DNA
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What bugs does metrondazole kill?
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g- anaer incl C diff
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What is mechanism of trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole?
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anti-folate thereby blocking NA synthesis
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