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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
which penicillins work against Pseudomonas spp?
TCP ("takes care of pseudomonas")
- ticarcillin
- carbenicillin
- piperacillin
what is the toxic SE of methicillin?
interstitial nephritis
what are the 1G cephalosporans?
cefazolin
cephalexin
what are the 2G cephalosporans?
cefuroxime
cefoxitin
cefaclor
what are the 3G cephalosporans?
ceftazidime
ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
what are the 4G cephalosporans?
cefepime
cefpiramide
what is the drug of choice for enterobacter?
imipenem/cilastin
meropenem
what are the SE's of vancomycin?
"NOT red-man"
- nephrotoxicity
- ototoxicity
- thrombophelbitis*
- flushing
what are the aminoglycosides?
"mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes"
gentamicin
neomycin
amikacin
tobramycin
streptomycin
why are aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes?
they require O2 for uptake
what are the SE's of aminoglycosides?
"mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes"
- nephrotoxicity (esp w/ cephalosporins)
- ototoxicity (esp w/ loop diuretics)
- teratogen*
what drug should you use against pseudomonas in CF pts?
tobramycin
what are the macrolides?
"ACE"
azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin
what are the main clinical uses of macrolides?
URI
pneumonia
STD
what drug causes "gray baby syndrome"?
chloramphenicol
what is chloramphenicol used for?
meningitis
- n.meningitidis
- h.influenzae
- s.pneumoniae
what does clindamycin treat?
anaerobes above the diaphragm
what are some of the SE's of trimethoprim (TMP)?
"TMP - treats marrow poorly"
- megaloblastic anemia
- leukopenia
- granulocytopenia

(alleviate w/ supplemental folinic acid)
what are the fluoroquinolones used to treat?
G(-) rods of urinary/GI tracts (pseudomonas)
Neisseria
G(+)'s but only some
what is the major SE seen in fluoroquinolone use?
"fluoroquinoLONES hurt attachments to your BONES"
- cartilage damage (pregnant/children)
- tendonitis/rupture (adults)
- cramps/myalgia (kids)
which antibiotic has a disulfram-like reaction w/ alcohol?
metronidazole
(also a "metalic taste" SE)
what is "triple-therapy" against H.pylori?
bismuth
amoxicillin (or tetracycline)
metronidazole
what drug should be used to treat resistant G(-) infections?
polymyxins (B/E)
what are the SE's of polymyxins?
neurotoxicity
acute renal tubular necrosis
what drug is used as TB prophylaxis?
isoniazid (INH)
what are the major SE's of isoniazid (INH) therapy?
("INH = injures neurons and hepatocytes")
- neurotoxicity (prevent w/ vit.B6)
- hepatotoxicity
- SLE-like syndrome
- [hemolysis if G6PD-def]
what drug is used for meningococcal prophylaxis?
rifampin
(or minocycline)
what drug is used for gonorrhea prophylaxis?
ceftriaxone
what drug is used for syphilis prophylaxis?
benzathine penicillin G
what drug is used for recurrent UTI prophylaxis?
TMP-SMX
what drug is used for pneumocystic carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis?
TMP-SMX
what drug is used for endocarditis prophylaxis (during surgical/dental procedures)?
penicillins
what are the SE's of amphotericin B?
fever/chills
hypotension
nephrotoxicity (hypo-K, hypo-Mg)
arrhythmias
what is nystatin used for?
"swish/swallow" - oral candidiasis
topical - diaper rash/vaginal candidiasis
what is used to treat invasive aspergillosis?
caspofungin
what antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy?
"SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care"
- sulfonamides (kernicterus)
- aminoglycosides (ototoxicity)
- fluoroquinolones (cartilage)
- erythromycin (hepatitis in mom)
- metronidazole (mutagenesis)
- tetracyclines (teeth/bone)
- ribavirin (teratogenic)
- griseofulvin (teratogenic)
- chloramphenicol (gray-baby)
what drug is used to treat syphilis?
penicillin G (IV)
which penicillins have extended G(-) activity?
ampicillin
amoxicillin

"HELPS kill enterococci"
- h.influenzae
- e.coli
- listeria monocytogenes
- proteus mirabilis
- salmonella
- enterococci
which penicillins are used to treat staphylococcal infections?
methicillin
nafcillin

(MSSA not MRSA)
can penicillins treat intracellular bacteria?
no
what drugs are used as prophylaxis against infection in sickle cell pts?
penicillin
what do the 1G cephalosporins treat?
G(+)'s

"PEcK"
- proteus
- e.coli
- klebsiella
what do the 2G cephalosporins treat?
G(-) > G(+)

"HEN PEcK"
- h.influenzae
- enterobacter
- neisseria

- proteus
- e.coli
- klebsiella
what do the 3G cephalosporins treat?
G(-) >> G(+)

able to cross BBB
what do the 4G cephalosporins treat?
broad-spectrum

1G-3G plus:
- pseudomonas
- neisseria
- MRSA
what are the carbapenems and what do they treat?
imipenem and meropenem (U.S.A.)

"big guns":
- G(+)'s
- G(-)'s
- anaerobes
what are carbapenems usually combined with?
cilastin
what is the major SE of carbapenem therapy?
decreased seizure threashold
what are the monobactams and what are they used for?
aztreonam (U.S.A.)

narrow spectrum:
- aerobic G(-) rods (pseudomonas and serratia)
what are the beta-lactamase inhibitors?
sulbactam
tazobactam
clavulanic acid
what are the (3) major groups of infection that tetracycline can treat?
intracellular bacteria
- chlamydia
- rickettsial dz (RMSF)
- mycoplasma

G(-):
- vibrio cholerae

spirochete:
- borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
what is the treatment of choice against mycoplasma penumonia ("walking pneumonia")?
erythromycin
how do you treat chlamydia in pregnancy?
erythromycin
(don't use tetracycline)
what drug can be used as an alternative to penicillin in the case of a PCN-allergy?
erythromycin
how do you treat moraxella catarrhalis?
azithromycin
who should erythromycin not be given to?
pts w/ liver failure
what drug is highly assd with pseudomembranous colitis (secondary to C.difficile)?
clindamycin
what is the most important adverse reaction of isoniazid (INH) therapy?
drug-induced hepatitis
what should be always be taken with isoniazid (INH)?
pyridoxine (vit.B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
what is the most important adverse reaction of pyrazinamide (PZA) therapy?
hyperuricemia -> gouty attack
what is the most important adverse reaction of ethambutol therapy?
optic neuritis