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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which penicillins work against Pseudomonas spp?
|
TCP ("takes care of pseudomonas")
- ticarcillin - carbenicillin - piperacillin |
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what is the toxic SE of methicillin?
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interstitial nephritis
|
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what are the 1G cephalosporans?
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cefazolin
cephalexin |
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what are the 2G cephalosporans?
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cefuroxime
cefoxitin cefaclor |
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what are the 3G cephalosporans?
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ceftazidime
ceftriaxone cefotaxime |
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what are the 4G cephalosporans?
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cefepime
cefpiramide |
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what is the drug of choice for enterobacter?
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imipenem/cilastin
meropenem |
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what are the SE's of vancomycin?
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"NOT red-man"
- nephrotoxicity - ototoxicity - thrombophelbitis* - flushing |
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what are the aminoglycosides?
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"mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes"
gentamicin neomycin amikacin tobramycin streptomycin |
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why are aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes?
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they require O2 for uptake
|
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what are the SE's of aminoglycosides?
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"mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes"
- nephrotoxicity (esp w/ cephalosporins) - ototoxicity (esp w/ loop diuretics) - teratogen* |
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what drug should you use against pseudomonas in CF pts?
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tobramycin
|
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what are the macrolides?
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"ACE"
azithromycin clarithromycin erythromycin |
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what are the main clinical uses of macrolides?
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URI
pneumonia STD |
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what drug causes "gray baby syndrome"?
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chloramphenicol
|
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what is chloramphenicol used for?
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meningitis
- n.meningitidis - h.influenzae - s.pneumoniae |
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what does clindamycin treat?
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anaerobes above the diaphragm
|
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what are some of the SE's of trimethoprim (TMP)?
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"TMP - treats marrow poorly"
- megaloblastic anemia - leukopenia - granulocytopenia (alleviate w/ supplemental folinic acid) |
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what are the fluoroquinolones used to treat?
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G(-) rods of urinary/GI tracts (pseudomonas)
Neisseria G(+)'s but only some |
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what is the major SE seen in fluoroquinolone use?
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"fluoroquinoLONES hurt attachments to your BONES"
- cartilage damage (pregnant/children) - tendonitis/rupture (adults) - cramps/myalgia (kids) |
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which antibiotic has a disulfram-like reaction w/ alcohol?
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metronidazole
(also a "metalic taste" SE) |
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what is "triple-therapy" against H.pylori?
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bismuth
amoxicillin (or tetracycline) metronidazole |
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what drug should be used to treat resistant G(-) infections?
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polymyxins (B/E)
|
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what are the SE's of polymyxins?
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neurotoxicity
acute renal tubular necrosis |
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what drug is used as TB prophylaxis?
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isoniazid (INH)
|
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what are the major SE's of isoniazid (INH) therapy?
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("INH = injures neurons and hepatocytes")
- neurotoxicity (prevent w/ vit.B6) - hepatotoxicity - SLE-like syndrome - [hemolysis if G6PD-def] |
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what drug is used for meningococcal prophylaxis?
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rifampin
(or minocycline) |
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what drug is used for gonorrhea prophylaxis?
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ceftriaxone
|
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what drug is used for syphilis prophylaxis?
|
benzathine penicillin G
|
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what drug is used for recurrent UTI prophylaxis?
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TMP-SMX
|
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what drug is used for pneumocystic carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis?
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TMP-SMX
|
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what drug is used for endocarditis prophylaxis (during surgical/dental procedures)?
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penicillins
|
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what are the SE's of amphotericin B?
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fever/chills
hypotension nephrotoxicity (hypo-K, hypo-Mg) arrhythmias |
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what is nystatin used for?
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"swish/swallow" - oral candidiasis
topical - diaper rash/vaginal candidiasis |
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what is used to treat invasive aspergillosis?
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caspofungin
|
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what antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy?
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"SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care"
- sulfonamides (kernicterus) - aminoglycosides (ototoxicity) - fluoroquinolones (cartilage) - erythromycin (hepatitis in mom) - metronidazole (mutagenesis) - tetracyclines (teeth/bone) - ribavirin (teratogenic) - griseofulvin (teratogenic) - chloramphenicol (gray-baby) |
|
what drug is used to treat syphilis?
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penicillin G (IV)
|
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which penicillins have extended G(-) activity?
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ampicillin
amoxicillin "HELPS kill enterococci" - h.influenzae - e.coli - listeria monocytogenes - proteus mirabilis - salmonella - enterococci |
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which penicillins are used to treat staphylococcal infections?
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methicillin
nafcillin (MSSA not MRSA) |
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can penicillins treat intracellular bacteria?
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no
|
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what drugs are used as prophylaxis against infection in sickle cell pts?
|
penicillin
|
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what do the 1G cephalosporins treat?
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G(+)'s
"PEcK" - proteus - e.coli - klebsiella |
|
what do the 2G cephalosporins treat?
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G(-) > G(+)
"HEN PEcK" - h.influenzae - enterobacter - neisseria - proteus - e.coli - klebsiella |
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what do the 3G cephalosporins treat?
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G(-) >> G(+)
able to cross BBB |
|
what do the 4G cephalosporins treat?
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broad-spectrum
1G-3G plus: - pseudomonas - neisseria - MRSA |
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what are the carbapenems and what do they treat?
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imipenem and meropenem (U.S.A.)
"big guns": - G(+)'s - G(-)'s - anaerobes |
|
what are carbapenems usually combined with?
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cilastin
|
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what is the major SE of carbapenem therapy?
|
decreased seizure threashold
|
|
what are the monobactams and what are they used for?
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aztreonam (U.S.A.)
narrow spectrum: - aerobic G(-) rods (pseudomonas and serratia) |
|
what are the beta-lactamase inhibitors?
|
sulbactam
tazobactam clavulanic acid |
|
what are the (3) major groups of infection that tetracycline can treat?
|
intracellular bacteria
- chlamydia - rickettsial dz (RMSF) - mycoplasma G(-): - vibrio cholerae spirochete: - borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease) |
|
what is the treatment of choice against mycoplasma penumonia ("walking pneumonia")?
|
erythromycin
|
|
how do you treat chlamydia in pregnancy?
|
erythromycin
(don't use tetracycline) |
|
what drug can be used as an alternative to penicillin in the case of a PCN-allergy?
|
erythromycin
|
|
how do you treat moraxella catarrhalis?
|
azithromycin
|
|
who should erythromycin not be given to?
|
pts w/ liver failure
|
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what drug is highly assd with pseudomembranous colitis (secondary to C.difficile)?
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clindamycin
|
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what is the most important adverse reaction of isoniazid (INH) therapy?
|
drug-induced hepatitis
|
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what should be always be taken with isoniazid (INH)?
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pyridoxine (vit.B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
|
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what is the most important adverse reaction of pyrazinamide (PZA) therapy?
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hyperuricemia -> gouty attack
|
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what is the most important adverse reaction of ethambutol therapy?
|
optic neuritis
|