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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 5 major classifications of antibiotics
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1. Aminoglycosides
2. Cephalosporins 3. Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones 4. Vancomycin 5. Macrolides |
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Drug class (and example) which would be used in Legionnaire's Disease and Lyme Disease
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Macrolides: Erythromycin
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These antibiotics are equally absorbed PO and IV
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Quinolones/Fluoroquinolones
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Antibiotic of choice for MRSA
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Vancomycin
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Red Man Syndrome
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Vancomycin
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Antacids decrease effectiveness
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Quinolones/Flouroquinolones
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What are the contraindications for giving cephalosporins?
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1. Anaphylactic reactions
2. Age < 1 month |
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This class of antibiotics is contraindicated for people with CNS-related diseases such as Myasthenia Gravis, Parkinson's Disease
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Aminoglycosides
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When does Red Man Syndrome occur, and what is it?
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It usually occurs when Vancomycin is given too rapidly; it is a type of allergic reaction.
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The 3rd generation of these drugs can cause increased bleeding tendency, and why?
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Cephalosporins, due to interference with Vitamin K synthesis
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Name 4 mechanisms of action of ABs
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1. produces cell lysis
2. Disrupts cell membrane, alters permeability 3. Mutates genetic information 4. Inhibits protein synthesis |
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How are Aminoglycosides most often given?
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Parenterally, via IV
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name 4 problems with AB therapy
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1. allergic reactions
2. AB in food supply 3. Superinfection 4. Direct toxicity |
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Aminoglycosides can have what toxic side effects?
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Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity (permanent damage to the 8th cranial nerve) |
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Can cause N&V, HA, sweating, hypotension and chest pain
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Drinking Alcohol while taking Cephalosporins
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Are divided into 4 generations
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Cephalosporins
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How do Aminoglycosides work?
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Inhibit protein synthesis
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What is AB associated colitis?
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Condition caused by infection with C. dificile. Destroys lining of bowel.
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Give some examples of Aminoglycosides
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Gentamycin
Tobramycin Amikacin |
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Indications for Giving Aminoglycosides
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Life threatening situations??
Klebsiella & Pseudomonas infections |
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How do Aminoglycosides work?
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Inhibit Protein Synthesis
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Aminoglycoside contraindications
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MG, PD, gastric lavage--> inc. respiratory depression
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Aminoglycoside side effects
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Nephrotoxicity; Ototoxicity
--permanent 8th Cranial nerve damage |
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Prevention of Aminoglycoside side effects?
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Drink 2-3L of fluid
Run Peaks and Troughs |
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Crosses the placenta, is teratogenic
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aminoglycosides
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Usual route
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IV
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Typical cephalosporin drugs
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drugs starting with the name "Cef"
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Action of Cephalosporins
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Alter cell wall, produce cell leakage
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Indications for Cephalosporins
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prophylactically prior to simple appy, GB, hip replacement, severe UTIs
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Cephalosporin contraindications
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1. PCN anaphylaxis
2. < 1 mo |
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Side effects of cephalosporins
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1. Bleeding
2. Secondary infections 3. Don't drink alcohol |
