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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disruption of normal cell wall synthesis –
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β-lactams, glycopeptides, fosfomycin
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Disruption of cell membrane + cell wall –
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lipopeptides (daptomycin)
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Disruption of DNA or RNA synthesis –
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fluoroquinolones, rifamycins
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Inhibition of normal protein synthesis –
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aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines
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Inhibition of key biosynthetic pathways –
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folate synthesis inhibitors (sulfonamides [aka sulfa drugs] and trimethoprim)
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Natural Penicillins
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Narrow spectrum; limited to gram + aerobes (strep, enterococci), some anaerobes, treponema pallidum
PCN V, PCN G |
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Anti-staphylococcal penicillins
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Penicillinase resistant; limited to staph, strep
Methicillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin |
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Aminopenicillins
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Gram +/- coverage (limited gram -)
Ampicillin, amoxicillin |
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Antipseudomonal PCNs
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fairly broad: gram +/-, anaerobes including pseudomonas (give with a b-lactamase inhibitor to improve)
Carbenicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin |
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PCN/Beta-lactamase enzyme inhibitor combos
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Amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam
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MRSA resistance is due to change in ______
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PBP enzyme Targets
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1st gen Cephalosporins
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Most gram + (except enterococci, MRSA), limited gram - (E.coli, haemophilus)
cephalexin, cefazolin |
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2nd gen Cephalosporins
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Good against most gram + (xcept enterococci, MRSA), and some b-lactamase producing gram - (haemophilus, moraxella, E.coli) - very similar to 1st gen
cefuroxime, cefprozil, cefalcor, cefotetan, cefoxitin (cefotetan & cefoxitin are the only two cephalosporins that have activity against anaerobes) |
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3rd gen Cephalosporins
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Gram + (except enterococci and MRSA, most gram -'s except pseudomonas (but ceftazidime does have anti-pseudomonal)
cefixime (po), ceftazidime (iv), ceftriaxone (iv) (lots more: cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefditoren, cefibuten, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime) |
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4th gen Cephalosporins
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cefepime - like 3rd gen, but it also has anti-pseudomonal and also effective against some other 3rd-gen ceph resistant gram - bacteria
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Can Cephalosporins be used to treat enterococci?
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No! they have no reliable activity against them (unlike PCNs)
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Are PCNs renally or hepatically cleared? What about Cephalosporins?
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Both renally cleared
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Monobactam
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cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Aztreonam (Azactam) - almost purely gram negative (even highly resistant strains) - but NO gram +, anaerobes or atypical bacteria this is very hypo-allergenic (even lower than cephalosporins, which are lower than PCNs) |
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Carbapenems
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Very BROAD spectrum B-lactams; cell wall synthesis inhibitor
Broad spectrum - almost all gram +, all gram -, and anaerobes, (not atypical bacteria tho) -- may cause fungal superinfections cuz u kill off good bacteria Imipenem*, Meropenem, Ertapenem (not good against Pseudomonas), Doripenem *cilastatin prevents enzymatic breakdown of imipenem --> increasing its halflife |
