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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 most common pre-operative antibiotics
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Cefazolin
Cefuroxime Vancomycin |
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5 common choices for outpatient SSTI (and duration of therapy)
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-Clindamycin
-Bactrim DS -Doxycycline -Minocycline -Linezolid *All for 5-10 days* |
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5 common choices for inpatient SSTI (and duration of therapy)
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-Vancomycin
-Linezolid -Daptomycin -Telavancin -Clindamycin *All for 7-14 days* |
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Acute, uncomplicated UTI 2 most common pathogens?
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E. Coli
Enterococcus |
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Acute, uncomplicated pyelonephritis, 4 most likely pathogens?
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E. Coli
Enterococci Klebsiella Pseudomonas |
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Name the respiratory FQs
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Moxifloxacin
Levofloxacin Gemifloxacin |
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Outpatient therapy of CAP in a previously healthy patient with no antibiotic therapy in last 3 months (2 drug choices)
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-Doxycycline
-Macrolide (azithromycin) |
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Outpatient therapy of CAP in a patient at risk for drug-resistant strep. pneumo (i.e. over 65 yo, comorbidities, antibiotic use in last 3 months)- 2 drug choices
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-Resipiratory FQ (Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin)
-Beta lactam PLUS macrolide |
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4 recommended regimens for HAP/VAP
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-Zosyn
-Ceftriaxone -Unasyn -Ertapenem |
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#1 bacterial concern/target in HAP/VAP?
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Pseudomonas
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6 agents recommended for VRE Faecalis (**additional one for VRE faecium)
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Remember: PALTDD
PCN G Ampicilin Linezolid Tigecycline Daptomycin Doxycycline **Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Synercid) for VRE Faecium |
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DOC for syphillis
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PCN G
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DOC for gonorrhea
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Ceftriaxone
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DOC for chlamydia
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Azithromycin 1gm PO once
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2 DOC for herpes
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Acyclovir
Valacyclovir |
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4 drug therapy for TB
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Isoniazid
Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol |
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#1 causative pathogen of AOM
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Strep Pneumo
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First line therapy for AOM?
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Amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day divided q12H
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Besides strep pneumo, what are 3 other very common bacterial causes of AOM?
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Pseudomonas
Moraxella H. Flu |
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Azithromycin dose for AOM in children who cannot tolerate PCNs?
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10mg/kg day one, then 5mg/kg days 2-5
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Rocephin (ceftriaxone) dose for AOM in children who cannot tolerate Amoxicillin?
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50mg/kg IM x 3 days
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What 2 classes of drugs should be used in combination for infective endocarditis
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PCN + Aminoglycoside
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3 options for acute bacterial meningitis?
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Cefotaxime
Ceftriazone Meropenem + Dexamethasone + Vancomycin |
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DOC for any infection caused by fleas, ticks, lice?
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Doxycycline
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AmphoB binds to _____, resulting in cell death
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Ergosterol
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Which antifungal MUST be taken on empty stomach?
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VFEND (voriconazole)
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Important monitoring for echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin)
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LFTs
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#1 DOC for aspergillus?
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Voriconazole
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3 DOCs for Candida Albicans?
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-Fluconazole
-Caspofungin -Micafungin |
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3 DOCs for Thrush?
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-Clotrimazole
-Fluconazole -Nystatin |
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What are the 2 best cephalosporins for CAP?
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Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
Cefuroxime (Ceftin) |
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2 drugs of choice for trichomoniasis?
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Metronidazole or tinidazole
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Aminoglycosides have ______ killing
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Concentration-Dependent
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2 BBW for aminoglycosides?
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Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity |
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Inhaled aminoglycoside for CF?
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TOBI (tobramycin)
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AGs are best against?
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Gram NEGATIVEs
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Aminoglycosides are dosed base on?
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Body weight (IBW)
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Aminoglycoside pregnancy category?
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D
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Target peaks for Gent/Tobr?
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5-10 mcg/mL
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Target peak for amikacin?
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20-30mcg/mL
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Type of killing for PCNs
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Time-dependent
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Beta-lactams inhibit ________ synthesis
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Bacterial cell wall
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PCNs have best coverage against?
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Gram negatives
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DOC for AOM, h. pylori, pregnant patients, and endocarditis prophylaxis?
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Amoxicillin
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Which PCNs do not need renally adjusted?
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PRPs (nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin, cloxacillin)
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Pregnancy category for penicillins?
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B
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How to take PenVK?
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On empty stomach
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Type of killing exhibited by cephalosporins?
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Time dependent
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How cephalosporin generation affects coverage
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1st generation - best gram POSITIVE
4th generation- best gram NEGATIVE |
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What generation are cefadroxil, cefazolin, cephalexin?
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1st
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What generation are cefaclor, cefotetan, cefoxitin, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefmandole, loracarbef?
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2nd
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3rd generation cephalosporins have _______ staph and _________ strep activity versus 2nd generation ones
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LESS staph, MORE strep
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cefdinir, cedritoren, cefixime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, and ceftriaxone are all ____ generation cephalosporins
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3rd
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Name the only 4th generation cephalosporin
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Cefepime (Maxipime)
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Name the only 5th generation cephalosporin?
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Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
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What coverage does Teflaro have?
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Best gram positive activity of all cephalosporins, gram negative activity similar to ceftriaxone
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Name the 2 anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins
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cefepime
ceftazidime |
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Cephalosporins are pregnancy category?
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B
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What type of killing do the carbapenems possess?
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Time dependent
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Carbapenem coverage?
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Most gram positives, some gram negatives, some anaerobes
NO atypical coverage |
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Carbapenems are pregnancy category?
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B
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Carbapenem/PCN cross-reactivity?
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50%
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Carbapenem effect on seizures?
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lower the seizure threshold
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Which carbapenem needs adjusted in renal impairment?
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ALL of them
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FQ MOA and type of killing?
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Inhibit Topo IV and DNA gyrase (Topo II)
Concentration dependent killing |
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FQ coverage?
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Extensive gm+/gm- coverage, some atypical
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BBW for FQs?
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tendon damage
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5 most common side effects with FQs?
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Photosensitivity
Hypo/hyper glycemia Arthropathy Crystalluria QT prolongation |
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FQ pregnancy category?
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C
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Which FQ does not need renally adjusted?
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Moxifloxacin
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FQ and PCN allergy?
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OK
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FQ effect on INR
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Increases
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Separate FQ from?
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Multivalent cations (anything with Ca, Al, Mg, etc)
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Macrolide MOA?
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Binds to 50s ribosomal subunit to inhibit RNA-dependent protein synthesis
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Macrolide coverage?
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Gm+, some Gm-
Good atypical coverage |
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How to take Biaxin XL
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With food
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Storage of EES?
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Refrigerate
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Macrolide effect on QT?
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Prolongs QT
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Macrolide pregnancy category?
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B
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Macrolide in PCN allergy?
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OK
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Macrolide with BEST gram positive coverage?
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Clarithromycin
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TCN MOA?
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Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis- binds to 30s
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TCN coverage?
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Atypicals, spirochetes, anthrax, MRSA, VRE
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Most common A/Es of TCNs?
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GI upset, photosensitivity, tooth discoloration
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Pregnancy category for TCNs?
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D
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How to take tetracycline antibiotics?
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With 8 ounces of water, try and remain upright for 30 minutes after taking
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Doryx, Oracea, Vibramycin
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doxycyline
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Minocin, Solodyn
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Minocycline
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Sumycin
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Tetracycline
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TCN effect on INR?
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Increases
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Separate tetracyclines from?
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Divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Al, etc)
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MOA of sulfamethoxazole
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inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis
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MOA of trimethoprim
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Inhibits dihydrofolic acid reduction
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SMZ/TMP coverage?
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NO ATYPICALS, NO ANAEROBES
Gm+ and some Gm- |
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Dilute Bactrim IV with?
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D5W
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Vancomycin coverage?
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Primarily gram positive
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Maximum IV concentration for vancomycin?
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5mg/mL
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Linezolid (Zyvox) coverage?
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Gram Positive
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What foods/drugs should be avoided with linezolid?
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Tyramine foods, serotonergic drugs (linezolid is a weak MAOI)
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Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (Synercid) coverage?
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MRSA, VRE
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Dilution rules for Synercid?
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Must be diluted in 250cc or more of D5W ONLY
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Daptomycin (Cubicin) fluid compatibility
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NS only
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Do NOT use daptomycin for what type of infection?
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Pneumonias
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Telavancin (Vibativ) coverage?
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MRSA only
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BBW for telavancin?
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Fetal risk- must have negative pregnancy test before therapy
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Aztreonam in PCN allergy?
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OK
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Aztreonam has best coverage against?
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Pseudomonas, most gram negatives
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Maximum dose of chloramphenicol?
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4gm/day
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BBW for chloramphenicol?
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Blood dyscrasias (thrombocytopenia)
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Telithromycin (Ketek) BBW?
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Do not use if myasthenia gravis- may cause respiratory failure
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Telithromycin is contraindicated if allergy to?
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Macrolides
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Tigecycline (Tygacil) is pregnancy category?
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D
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Clindamycin converage?
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Gram positives, Anaerobes
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Indication for use of Dificid?
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C. Diff associated diarrhea
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Indication for use of Rifaximin (Xifaxin)?
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E. Coli- traveler's diarrhea
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Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in?
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Sulfa allergy
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Nitrofurantoin should be taken _____ food
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WITH
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5 main gram positive bacteria
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Staphylococcus
Streptococcus Enterococcus Clostridium Listeria |
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Duration of therapy for UTI in a pregnant woman?
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7 days
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FQ for MRSA?
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NEVER EVER EVER EVER EVER
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